https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/resources/PolyOne%2520IR%2520Presentation%2520-%2520Goldman%2520Sachs%2520Conference%2520-%2520November%25202015.pdf
PolyOne Corporation Page 4 PolyOne Commodity to Specialty Transformation • Volume driven, commodity producer • Heavily tied to cyclical end markets • Performance largely dependent on non- controlling joint ventures 2000-2005 2006 - 2009 2010 – 2014 2015 and beyond • Steve Newlin appointed, Chairman, President and CEO • New leadership team appointed • Implementation of four pillar strategy • Focus on value based selling, investment in commercial resources and innovation to drive transformation • Substantial EPS growth from $0.13 to all-time high of $1.80 • Shift to faster growing, high margin, less cyclical end markets • Key acquisitions propel current and future growth, as well as margin expansion • Specialty mix expands to 65% of Operating Income – strongest mix of earnings in history • Accelerating growth • Deliver consistent double digit annual EPS growth • Maintain >35% vitality index • Pursue strategic acquisitions that expand specialty offerings and geographic breadth • Invest and grow current and next generation talent PolyOne Corporation Page 5 Appliances 5% Building & Construction 12% Consumer 10% Electrical & Electronics 5% Healthcare 11% Industrial 14% Packaging 14% Transportation 20% Wire & Cable 9% Distribution 28% PP&S 20% Specialty 52% United States 69% Europe 13% Canada 7% Asia 6% Latin America 5% 2014 Revenues: $3.8 Billion End Markets 2014 Revenues: $3.8 Billion PolyOne At A Glance $0.12 $0.27 $0.21 $0.13 $0.68 $0.82 $1.00 $1.31 $1.80 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Adjusted EPS PolyOne Corporation Page 6 Old PolyOne *Operating Income excludes corporate charges and special items 2% 34% 43% 62% 65% 66% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2005 2008 2010 2013 2014 YTD 2015 2020 % o f O pe ra tin g In co m e* JV's Performance Products & Solutions Distribution Specialty 80%+ Specialty OI $5M $46M $87M $195M $242M $183M Mix Shift Highlights Specialty Transformation Transformation 2020 Platinum Vision Platinum Vision PolyOne Corporation Page 7 2006 YTD 2015 2020 “Where we were” “Where we are” Platinum Vision 1) Operating Income % Specialty: Global Color, Additives & Inks 1.7% 17.2% 20%+ Global Specialty Engineered Materials 1.1% 15.1% 20%+ Designed Structures & Solutions 1.4% (2012) 3.5% 12 – 14% Performance Products & Solutions 5.5% 8.1% 10 – 12% Distribution 2.6% 6.6% 6.5 – 7.5% 2) Specialty Platform % of Operating Income 6.0% 66% 80%+ 3) ROIC 5.0% 11.9% 15% 4) Adjusted EPS Growth N/A 24 Consecutive Quarters of YOY EPS Growth Double Digit Expansion Proof of Performance & 2020 Goals PolyOne Corporation Page 8 Innovation Drives Earnings Growth *Percentage of Specialty Platform revenue from products introduced in last five years $20 $52 2006 TTM Research & Development Spending ($ millions) Specialty Platform Vitality Index Progression* 14% 28% 2006 TTM Specialty Platform Gross Margin % 12% 43% 2006 TTM Specialty Vitality Index Target ≥ 35% TTM 9/30/15 TTM 9/30/15 TTM 9/30/15 PolyOne Corporation Page 9 Innovation Pipeline Potential Prototype Frame Opportunity Scale-up & Test Market Build Business Case Commercial Launch Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase 5 12 4 9 6 1 6 3 7 4 5 6 1 1 7 2 Breakthrough Platform Derivative Number of Projects 12 10 23 19 10 74 Specialty Addressable Market ($ millions) - - $1,150 $1,000 $250 $2,400 PolyOne Corporation Page 10 Lightweighting with Advanced Composites Increasing Healthcare Penetration Innovation Initiatives Expansion in Consumer Markets New Market Development $$$ $$ $ High Temperature Polymers PolyOne Corporation Page 11 Design and Service as a Differentiator Right Material & Color Desired Product Design Appropriate Manufacturing Process Delivering Concept to Commercialization Connecting the Dots with iQ Design Labs and InVisiO Color Design PolyOne Corporation Page 12 Customer First Through World-Class Service Strengthening relationships through: Providing LSS services to small/medium sized customers • Supporting customers who lack their own formal process improvement initiatives Providing training in Customer Centric Selling Skills with customers’ sales force PolyOne Corporation Page 13 60% 97% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2008 Q3 2015 Pension Funding** As of September 30, 2015 Debt Maturities & Pension Funding Net Debt / Adjusted EBITDA** = 2.1x $49 $121 $317 $600 $400 $0 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $600 $700 $800 2015 2018 2020 2023 Debt Maturities As of September 30, 2015 ($ millions) Coupon Rate: 7.500% Variable* 7.375% 5.250% ** includes US-qualified pension plans only *Weighted average rate on revolver was 2.49% as of 9/30/15 **TTM 9/30/2015 PolyOne Corporation Page 14 Free Cash Flow and Strong Balance Sheet Fund Investment / Shareholder Return Expanding our sales, marketing, and technical capabilities Investing in operational and LSS initiatives ~75% of capital expenditures fund growth initiatives Organic Growth Acquisitions Share Repurchases Dividends $0.16 $0.20 $0.32 $0.40 $0.48 $0.10 $0.20 $0.30 $0.40 $0.50 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Annual Dividend Targets that expand our: • Specialty offerings • End market presence • Geographic breadth Synergy opportunities Adjacent material solutions Repurchased nearly 2.4 million shares in Q3 2015 Repurchased 14.8 million shares since early 2013 5.2 million shares are available for repurchase under the current authorization $0.24 PolyOne Corporation Page 15 The New PolyOne: A Specialty Growth Company Why Invest In PolyOne?
Addressable market exceeds $40 billion Strong performance demonstrates that our strategy and execution are working Megatrends and emerging opportunities align with our strengths Innovation and services provide differentiation, incremental pricing power, and competitive advantage Strong and proven management team driving growth and performance PolyOne Corporation Page 16 Appendix PolyOne Corporation Page 17 $0.20 $0.28 $0.36 $0.49 $0.54 $0.00 $0.15 $0.30 $0.45 $0.60 Q3'11 Q3'12 Q3'13 Q3'14 Q3'15 Adjusted EPS Q3 2015 Financial Highlights Color Additives & Inks operating margin reaches record third quarter level of 17.3% Specialty Engineered Materials operating margin grew 210 basis points year-over-year to 14.7% Third quarter adjusted EPS has grown on average 28% per year since 2011 $13 $19 $29 $30 $35 $0 $10 $20 $30 $40 Q3'11 Q3'12 Q3'13 Q3'14 Q3'15 GCAI Operating Profit $11 $13 $15 $18 $20 $10 $14 $18 $22 Q3'11 Q3'12 Q3'13 Q3'14 Q3'15 GSEM Operating Profit Note: $ in millions, except per share data PolyOne Corporation Page 18 Appliances 2% Building & Construction 12% Consumer 7% Electrical & Electronics 1% Healthcare 6% Industrial 14% Packaging 31% Textiles 7% Transportation 8% Wire & Cable 12% 1.7% 4.6% 5.1% 5.5% 7.2% 8.1% 9.7% 12.2% 17.2% 20%+ 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 YTD 2015 2020 Operating Income % of Sales At a Glance Global Color, Additives and Inks 2014 Revenues: $0.9 Billion Solutions Expanding Profits 2014 Revenue by Industry Segment 14.7% Platinum Vision United States 44% Europe 36% Canada 2% Asia 12% Latin America 6% PolyOne Corporation Page 19 Appliances 4% Building & Construction 3% Consumer 18% Electrical & Electronics 16% Healthcare 12% Industrial 8% Packaging 5% Transportation 20% Wire & Cable 12% At a Glance Global Specialty Engineered Materials 2014 Revenues: $0.6 Billion Solutions 2014 Revenue by Industry Segment Expanding Profits 1.1% 1.3% 3.4% 5.1% 9.6% 8.0% 8.6% 9.3% 15.1% 20%+ 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 YTD 2015 2020 Operating Income % of Sales Platinum Vision 12.1% United States 44% Europe 33% Canada 2% Asia 19% Latin America 2% PolyOne Corporation Page 20 Appliances 2% Building & Construction 8% Consumer 5% Healthcare 6% Industrial 23% Packaging 27% Transportation 30% United States 96% Canada 4% At a Glance Designed Structures and Solutions Solutions 2014 Revenues: $0.6 Billion Expanding Profits 2014 Revenue by Industry Segment 1.4% 5.6% 7.3% 3.5% 12-14% 2012 2013 2014 YTD 2015 2020 Operating Income % of Sales Platinum Vision PolyOne Corporation Page 21 Appliances 8% Building & Construction 33% Consumer 5% Electrical & Electronics 3% Healthcare 1% Industrial 11% Packaging 5% Transportation 18% Wire & Cable 16% 5.5% 6.9% 3.8% 3.6% 5.5% 4.3% 6.3% 7.2% 8.1% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 YTD 2015 2020 Operating Income % of Sales At a Glance Performance Products and Solutions Solutions Expanding Profits 2014 Revenues: $0.8 Billion 10-12% Platinum Vision 2014 Revenue by Industry Segment 7.7% United States 80% Canada 14% Asia 2% Latin America 4% PolyOne Corporation Page 22 Appliances 6% Building & Construction 5% Consumer 13% Electrical & Electronics 6% Healthcare 23% Industrial 15% Packaging 4% Transportation 25% Wire & Cable 3% 2.6% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.6% 5.6% 6.4% 5.9% 6.6% 6.5-7.5% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 YTD 2015 2020 Operating Income % of Sales 15% 52% 2006 Q3 2015 At a Glance Distribution Key Suppliers 2014 Revenues: $1.1 Billion ROIC Expanding Profits 6.1% Platinum Vision http://www.polyone.com/Pages/VariationRoot.aspx PolyOne Corporation Page 23 2 lbs Plastic = 3 lbs aluminum or 8 lbs steel or 27 lbs glass 33% less material by weight than aluminum 75% less material by weight than steel 93% less material by weight than glass Requires 91% less energy to recycle a pound of plastic versus a pound of paper Source: SPI: Sustainability and the Plastics Industry Plastics: Key to Future Sustainable Development PolyOne Corporation Page 24 Commitment to Operational Excellence 81% 93% 2006 2014 16.2% 9.9% 2006 2014 On-Time Delivery Working Capital % of Sales 5% 43% 2006 2014 Percent of Associates Trained in LSS Five consecutive years – CFO Magazine Best Working Capital Management in the chemical industry World’s Best Business Process Excellence Program in 2012* 113 trained Black Belts 235 trained Green Belts 151 trained Kaizen Leaders World’s Best Start-up Program for Lean Six Sigma Deployment in 2009* *Both awards received from International Quality and Productivity Center PolyOne Corporation Page 25 Application Examples PolyOne Corporation Page 26 Outdoor Applications • Leading provider of high performance specialty materials for the recreational and sports & leisure industry • Well positioned across all segments to address market needs Metal to Polymer Conversion Lightweighting Thermal Management Impact Performance Source: Outdoor Industry Association PolyOne Corporation Page 27 $1.5 billion attractive, growing market Additives improve performance and reduce cost through light-weighting, reduced waste, faster cycle times, and extended shelf life of finished product Aligned with megatrend of protecting the environment: Sustainability benefits include lower package weight and improved recyclability of package at end of use Market Opportunity Leading Global Supplier of Additives In Growing PET Market Shelf-life extension Greater product consistency Recyclability and reduced carbon footprint Color and Special Effects Weight reduction Enhanced product aesthetics High heat resistance PET Bottling Technology 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 2009 2014 2019 Asia Pacific North America Latin America Western Europe Eastern Europe Middle East and Africa Global PET Packaging Growth 2009-2019 Source: Euromonitor retail off-trade consumption (PET bottles & jars, home care, personal care, food & non-alcoholic beverages) B ill io n un its 5% CAGR PolyOne Corporation Page 28 • Includes formulation and consultative services to assist manufacturers and brand owners in positively identifying their finished goods • Protects brand equity & consumer welfare • Reduces exposure to unwarranted recall expenses • Secures supply chain integrity – support for safe expansion into new geographies Authentication Technology PolyOne Corporation Page 29 • Color harmonization across 15 unique color-and-polymer combinations • Eliminated need for multiple pre- colored materials • Reduced Land Rover’s working capital 2015 Range Rover Evoque Interior PolyOne Corporation Page 30 • Reduced health and environmental impact • System cost reduction • Radiation-shielding performance • Parts consolidation • Design freedom CT Scanner PolyOne Corporation Page 31 Metal Replacement Solutions • Replaces metal in LED lighting • Extends LED durability and life span eliminating hot spots • Greater design flexibility with fewer parts • Weight reduction • Simplifies manufacturing and lowers total production cost PolyOne Corporation Page 32 High-Barrier Packaging Containers • Capability to extrude up to 13 layers • Strong oxygen and moisture vapor transmission protection • Can be made symmetrical or asymmetrical to meet customized needs of broad variety of applications • Barrier protection and superior sensory properties PolyOne Corporation Page 33 Aerospace Applications • Leading provider of specialty materials for the aerospace industry • Typical applications Mil-spec aircraft windows, canopies, windscreens, instrument panels, wingtip lenses Interior – gallery furnishings, tray tables, arm rests, trim strips, joint/edge coverings • Benefits: High impact strength Resistant to UV rays Flame and smoke compliance Easy to clean with aggressive cleaners; anti-microbial grades available Range of sizes, thicknesses, colors, etc. 1 Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures (Unaudited) (Dollars in millions, except per share data) Below is a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable measures calculated and presented in accordance with U.S.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2024-09/Terms and Conditions of Sale for Germany.pdf
HAFTUNGSBESCHRÄNKUNG 4.1 Unlimited Liability 4.1 Unbeschränkte Haftung The liability of Seller is not limited in the following cases: Die Haftung des Verkäufers ist in den folgenden Fällen nicht beschränkt: (A) in the event of wilful misconduct or gross negligence, (A) im Falle von Vorsatz oder grober Fahrlässigkeit, (B) within the scope of a guarantee expressly made by Seller in writing, (B) im Rahmen einer vom Verkäufer ausdrücklich und schriftlich abgegebenen Garantie, (C) in the event that a defect is maliciously concealed, (C) für den Fall, dass ein Mangel arglistig verschwiegen wurde, (D) in case of an injury to life, body or health, and (D) im Falle einer Verletzung von Leben, Körper oder Gesundheit und (E) claims under Section 1 para. 1 of the German Product Liability Act; whereby the liability of Seller for compensation claims among jointly-and-severally liable debtors pursuant to Sections 421 to 425 German Civil Code shall be excluded.
HAFTUNGSBESCHRÄNKUNG 4.1 Unlimited Liability 4.1 Unbeschränkte Haftung (A) in the event of wilful misconduct or gross negligence, (A) im Falle von Vorsatz oder grober Fahrlässigkeit, (B) within the scope of a guarantee expressly made by Seller in writing, (B) im Rahmen einer vom Verkäufer ausdrücklich und schriftlich abgegebenen Garantie, (C) in the event that a defect is maliciously concealed, (C) für den Fall, dass ein Mangel arglistig verschwiegen wurde, (D) in case of an injury to life, body or health, and (D) im Falle einer Verletzung von Leben, Körper oder Gesundheit und (E) claims under Section 1 para. 1 of the German Product Liability Act; whereby the liability of Seller for compensation claims among jointly-and-severally liable debtors pursuant to Sections 421 to 425 German Civil Code shall be excluded.
Buyer expressly warrants that employees, agents and subcontractors of Buyer shall not directly or indirectly (i) accept, promise, offer or provide any improper advantage to, or (ii) enter into an agreement (a) with any entity or person, including officials of a government or a government-controlled entity, or (b) relating to a product, which would constitute an offense or infringement of applicable Laws and Standards. 17.3 Der Käufer erkennt an, dass die Verwendung des Produkts den Anforderungen oder Beschränkungen von Gesetzen und Normen unterworfen sein kann.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2020-11/cotrep-at-20-20-avient-corporation-cesar-ir-pp-94000721.pdf
AT 20-20 1 Avis Technique – Tri Détectabilité et tri de la solution colorante AVIENT CORPORATION / CESA® IR PP 94000721dans les centres de tri D E S C R IP TI O N D E L A D E M A N D E GENERALITES Demandeur Avient Corporation Date de la demande 2020 Référence de la solution colorante CESA® IR PP 94000721 Limite max de concentration de la solution colorante 4% DESCRIPTION DE LA SOLUTION COLORANTE Couleur Noire Solution colorante adaptée pour : Emballages rigides en PP OBJET DE LA DEMANDE Etude de la détectabilité dans les centres de tri français de la solution colorante noire CESA® IR PP 94000721proposée par Avient Corporation et utilisée pour colorer des emballages rigides en PP.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2020-11/cotrep-at-20-16-avient-corporation-cesar-ir-pe-94000817.pdf
AT 20-16 1 Avis Technique – Tri Détectabilité et tri de la solution colorante AVIENT CORPORATION / CESA® IR PE 94000817 dans les centres de tri D E S C R IP TI O N D E L A D E M A N D E GENERALITES Demandeur Avient Corporation Date de la demande 2020 Référence de la solution colorante CESA® IR PE 94000817 Limite max de concentration de la solution colorante 4% DESCRIPTION DE LA SOLUTION COLORANTE Couleur Noire Solution colorante adaptée pour : Emballages rigides en PE OBJET DE LA DEMANDE Etude de la détectabilité dans les centres de tri français de la solution colorante noire CESA® IR PE 94000817 proposée par Avient Corporation et utilisée pour colorer des emballages rigides en PE.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2020-08/magiq-non-woven-electret-plus-product-bulletin-cn-1-.pdf
MagIQ_Non-Woven_Electret_Plus_Product_Bulletin-CN MagIQ™无纺驻极添加剂 应用于防护口罩的功能性母料 口罩组成 结构 材料 方法 功能 S(纺粘) 外层 PP M(熔喷) 中间层 PP S(纺粘) 外层 PP 纺粘无纺布 防水、防止飞沫粘附 熔喷无纺布 过滤空气中微生物、颗粒和飞沫 纺粘无纺布 吸水、吸收呼吸产生的水蒸气 驻极母粒是一种应用于生产聚丙烯熔喷无 纺布的材料,可用于制作具有持久过滤性 能的防护口罩。
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2020-10/auto-injector-application-study.pdf
Autoinjector Pen - Avient Application Study.mm (1) AUTO-INJECTOR APPLICATION STUDY M A T E R I A L T E C H N O L O G I E S + S E R V I C E S F O R N E X T G E N E R A T I O N D E S I G N S Avient Corporation 1 Avient Corporation 2 Innovating Design Medical innovations and plastics have gone hand-in-hand to make healthcare safer, cleaner, and more accessible for all.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2023-07/Terms and Conditions of Sale for China - August 2023.pdf
买方明确保证,买方的雇员、 代理人和分包商不得直接或间接地 (i)接受、承 诺、给予或提供任何不正当的好处给下列人员, 或(ii)与下列人员或就下列事项订立协议:(a)任何 实体或个人,包括政府官员或政府控制的实体的 官员,或(b)将构成对适用法律和标准的违反的产 品相关的事项。
The presiding arbitrator shall not be a national of: (a) the United States of America; or (b) the PRC.
首席仲裁员不得是下列国家的 国民:(a)美利坚合众国;或(b)中华人民共和国。
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2024-12/Terms and Conditions of Sale for Indonesia %28English translation%29.pdf
If (i) Buyer is in default of performance of its obligations towards Seller and fails to provide adequate assurance of Buyer’s performance before the date of scheduled delivery; or (ii) if Seller has reasonable doubts with respect to Buyer’s performance of its obligations and Buyer fails to provide to Seller adequate assurance of Buyer’s performance before the date of scheduled delivery and in any case within thirty (30) days of Seller’s demand for such assurance; or (iii) if Buyer becomes insolvent or unable to pay its debts as they mature, or goes into liquidation or any bankruptcy proceeding shall be instituted by or against Buyer or if a trustee or receiver or administrator is appointed for all or a substantial part of the assets of Buyer or if Buyer makes any assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or (iv) in case of non- compliance of Buyer with any law, statute ordinance, regulation, code or standard in the Republic of Indonesia concerning the trade, export or re-export of products, services, data or technology (“Laws and Standards”), then Seller may by notice in writing to Buyer, without prejudice to any of its other rights: (a) demand return and take repossession of any delivered Products which have not been paid for and all costs relating to the recovery of the Products shall be for the account of Buyer; and/or (b) suspend its performance or terminate its order confirmation for pending delivery of Products unless Buyer makes such payment for Products on a cash in advance basis or provides adequate assurance of such payment for Products to Seller.
Buyer expressly warrants that employees, agents and subcontractors of Buyer shall not directly or indirectly (i) accept, promise, offer or provide any improper advantage to, or (ii) enter into an agreement (a) with any entity or person, including officials of a government or a government-controlled entity, or (b) relating to a product, which would constitute an offense or infringement of applicable Laws and Standards. 17.
The Buyer and Seller agree to waive Articles 48 and 73 paragraph (b) of the Arbitration Law, so that the mandate accorded to the appointed arbitrators will be in force validly until the issuance of the final arbitration award. 23.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2021-04/existencia-y-represnentacion-avient-colombia-sas.pdf
En desarrollo del objeto social, la sociedad podrá celebrar, ejecutar y realizar todas las actividades, operaciones y negocios comerciales y/o financieros relacionados con cualquiera de las actividades descritas, bien en su propio nombre o por cuenta de terceros o en participación con ellos, tales como: A) Adquirir a cualquier título empresas nacionales o extranjeras, incorporarse o fusionarse con ellas en cualquier forma; B) Adquirir, enajenar o administrar de toda clase de bienes muebles o inmuebles, así como darlos en prenda o hipotecarios.
Cuando la duración del contrato sea de hasta de un (1) año, el límite por debajo del cual podrá contratar el gerente general es el equivalente en pesos de cincuenta mil francos suizos (chf 50,000) al tipo de cambio a pesos de la fecha de la firma del contrato; b.
Y b.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2024-03/Terms and Conditions of Sale for Slovakia.pdf
Predávajúci nie je v žiadnom prípade povinný zakúpiť akékoľvek náhradné výrobky na trhu s cieľom case of non-compliance of Buyer with any law, statute ordinance, regulation, code or standard (“Laws and Standards”), then Seller may by notice in writing to Buyer, without prejudice to any of its other rights: (a) demand return and take repossession of any delivered Products which have not been paid for and all costs relating to the recovery of the Products shall be for the account of Buyer; and/or (b) suspend its performance or terminate its order confirmation for pending delivery of Products unless Buyer makes such payment for Products on a cash in advance basis or provides adequate assurance of such payment for Products to Seller.
Kupujúci sa výslovne zaručuje, že jeho zamestnanci, zástupcovia a subdodávatelia priamo ani nepriamo (i) neprijmú, nesľúbia, neponúknu ani neposkytnú žiadnu nevhodnú výhodu, alebo (ii) neuzatvoria zmluvu (a) so žiadnym subjektom alebo osobou vrátane štátnych činiteľov alebo štátom ovládaných subjektov, alebo (b) na výrobok, ktorý by mohol predstavovať porušenie platných zákonov a noriem. 17.
Buyer expressly warrants that employees, agents and subcontractors of Buyer shall not directly or indirectly (i) accept, promise, offer or provide any improper advantage to, or (ii) enter into an agreement (a) with any entity or person, including officials of a government or a government-controlled entity, or (b) relating to a product, which would constitute an offense or infringement of applicable Laws and Standards. 17.