ColorMatrix™ Optica™ Specialty Toners for PC Polycarbonate is used for the production of automotive interiors and appliances to consumer goods and electronics, replacing more traditional materials such as glass and acrylic.

INSTRUMENT SET-UP Instrument Taber Linear Abraser – Model 5750 Accessory Crockmeter attachment with 16mm acrylic finger Abradant Levi’s™ 505 Regular Cut jeans (circular cloths cut from lower part of leg) Stroke Length 4" (100mm) Cycle Speed 60 cycles per minute (cpm) Load 9N (918g) Conditions 76° F, 47% RH [conditioned > 24 hrs] TPU 500 cycles 500 cycles 500 cycles 100 cycles 100 cycles Versaflex™ CE 3320-70 Silicone Want to test it yourself?

Avient’s portfolio of Gravi-Tech materials combine the aesthetics of metals with the superior processability of polypropylene (PP), acrylic butadiene styrene (ABS), polyamide (PA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), and other thermoplastic materials.

Surface energy match of various thermoplastic elastomers with rigid thermoplastics Engineering Plastics Polyamide 6,6 ABS Polycarbonate Acrylic Polystyrene Polypropylene Polyethylene Elastomer s COPA TPU COPE S-TPE TPV mPE Surface Energy (mN/m) 46 43 40 37 34 31 28 Engineering Plastics Polyamide 6,6 ABS Polycarbonate Acrylic Polystyrene Polypropylene Polyethylene Elastomer s COPA TPU COPE S-TPE TPV mPE Surface Energy (mN/m) 46 43 40 37 34 31 28 Figure 2.

Copolyester, Polyester & PC/Polyester Blends Copolyester Eastman Tritan™ (Copolyester) High chemical resistance to a wide variety of hospital disinfectants; excellent toughness and impact resistance after disinfection; retains color and gloss after sterilization and disinfection; does not contain BPA, BPS or halogens Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) DuPont™ Crastin® & Rynite® (FR-PBT) 30% glass reinforced; flame retardant; good mold flow and electrical properties; high strength, stiffness, dimensional stability and heat resistance Polycarbonate/ Polyester (PC/PET) & Polycarbonate/ Polybutylene Terephthalate (PC/PBT) Covestro Makroblend® (FR-PC/PET) & (FR-PC/PBT) Strength; toughness; chemical resistance; flame retardant Covestro Makroblend® (Non-FR PC/PBT) Strength; toughness; chemical resistance; limited biocompatibility Trinseo EMERGE™ (FR-PC/PET) Chemical resistance; ignition resistance; limited biocompatibility PA, PVC, PC & PMMA Polyamide (Nylon, PA) Avient Trilliant™ XR Radiation Shielding (PA) Radiation shielding; green alternative for lead replacement; enhanced design freedom vs. lead; available in hard and soft durometers Arkema Rilsan® MED (PA11) & Rilsamid® MED (PA12) Chemical resistance; transparent and opaque; easy processing; creep resistance; temperature resistance; BPA-free; sterilizable by gamma, EtO and steam Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) GEON Performance Solutions Resilience™ HC (PVC) Excellent chemical resistance; good strength and stiffness; very good surface quality; inherently flame resistant; available in all medical colors; excellent solvent bonding to PVC Polycarbonate (PC) Trinseo EMERGE™ (PC) Ignition resistant; transparent and opaque; glass-filled also available PolyMethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Trinseo Plexiglas® Acrylics (PMMA) Clarity; easy processing; chemical resistance; BPA free; ideal for light piping and lenses Styrenics & FR-PC/ABS Blends Styrenics Trinseo MAGNUM™ (ABS) Opaque; custom colors; excellent impact and flow; low residuals; full biocompatibility INEOS Styrolution Terlux® HD (MABS) Good clarity; good heat and overall chemical resistance; good impact strength; good solvent bonding to PVC; outstanding surface quality INEOS Styrolution Lustran® & Novodur® HD (ABS) Opaque appearance; outstanding chemical resistance; high impact strength; excellent balance of properties; ease of processability; bondable FR- Polycarbonate/ ABS (FR-PC/ABS) Covestro Bayblend® (FR-PC/ABS) Flame retardant; good impact resistance; dimensional stability; toughness Trinseo EMERGE™ (FR-PC/ABS) Ignition resistant; limited biocompatibility; high flow; easy processing; glass-filled also available RIGID COMPONENTS: DIAGNOSTIC, IMAGING, LIFE SUPPORT, LABORATORY, & MONITORING EQUIPMENT Applications include: • Housings • Covers • Monitor bezels • Body panels • Handles • Access panels • Battery enclosures • Wands • Coils Rigid Component Solution Needs: • Materials compliant with ISO 10993 & USP Class VI, if required • UL approved resins to meet flammability requirements • Housings with toughness & good impact resistance • Enclosures & components that withstand repeated cleanings • High-flow materials for components with complex designs FLEXIBLE COMPONENTS: DIAGNOSTIC, IMAGING, LIFE SUPPORT, LABORATORY, & MONITORING EQUIPMENT Applications include: • O-rings • Gaskets • Wheels • Soft touch grips/handles • Keypads/displays • Diaphragms • Seals Flexible Component Solution Needs: • Comfortable handles & grips • Water-tight seals • Durable feet or casters • Durable keypads • Flow control TPE, TPC-ET, TPU, TPV & Flexible PVC Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE) Avient Versaflex™ HC Overmolding Series (TPE) Proven healthcare solutions with hardness ranges 42–65 Shore A; autoclave, radiation and EtO sterilizable; bondable to many substrates; customizable haptics Arkema Pebax® MED (TPE) Sterilizable by gamma and EtO; low energy return; soft touch; chemical resistance; overmolding material Thermoplastic Polyester Elastomers (TPC-ET) DuPont™ Hytrel® (TPC-ET) Wide range of flexibility, stiffness, and processing options; Shore D between 30-82; BPA-free; excellent flex fatigue and toughness; low temperature flexibility; good chemical resistance Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Covestro Texin® (TPU) Biocompatible; soft touch; sterilizable; good chemical resistance; overmold for grips and handles; excellent bonding to polar substrates like PC; 70A to 95A Thermoplastic Vulcanizate (TPV) Avient Versalloy™ (TPV) Proven healthcare solutions with hardness ranges 45–90 Shore A; autoclave, radiation and EtO sterilizable; natural and colorable; smooth texture; bonds to PP Exxon Mobil Santoprene™ (TPV) Durable sealing performance; elastic recovery; excellent chemical resistance; compliance with medical standards Flexible Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) GEON Performance Solutions Geon™ Flexible PVC Engineered exclusively for the healthcare market; transparent and opaque colors; radiopaque grades available; durometer ranges from 55A to 40D; gamma and EtO sterilizable Thermoset Silicone Elastomers Thermoset Silicone Elastomers/ Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) DuPont™ Liveo™ Silicone Elastomers (LSR) Biocompatible; non-irritating and non-sensitization; sterilizable; made without plasticizers, phthalates or latex PVC Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) GEON Performance Solutions Geon™ Flexible PVC Inherent flame resistance; halogen-free; excellent chemical resistance; non-yellowing; proven safety record in wire and cable applications; high temperature grades available TPE, TPC-ET, TPU & POE Thermoplastic Polyester (TPE) Arkema Pebax® (TPE) Flexibility; chemical resistance; easy processing; abrasion resistance; low coefficient of friction Thermoplastic Polyester Elastomers (TPC-ET) DuPont™ Hytrel® (TPC-ET) REACH, RoHS and WEEE compliant; wide range of flexibility, stiffness, and processing options; 30D-82D; BPA-free; excellent flex fatigue and toughness; low temperature flexibility; good chemical resistance Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Covestro Texin® (TPU) RoHs, WEEE, and REACH compliant; excellent memory and recoil; abrasion resistance; Texin® Rx Series - medical grade Polyether TPU – 70A to 80D Polyolefin Elastomer (POE) Avient ECCOH™ Non-halogenated flame retardant; high flexibility; environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR); good electrical properties PA Polyamide (Nylon, PA) Arkema Rilsan® (PA) Chemical resistance; easy processing; abrasion resistance; low coefficient of friction; dimensional stability WIRE & CABLE: DIAGNOSTIC, IMAGING, LIFE SUPPORT, LABORATORY, & MONITORING EQUIPMENT Applications include: • Plug molding • Flexible jacket • Heater cable insulation • Flexible cords • Coil cords & cable Wire & Cable Component Solution Needs: • Materials compliant with UL, RoHS, REACH & WEEE, if needed • Materials with good chemical, moisture & abrasion resistance • Low smoke & non-halogen materials CUSTOM AVIENT SOLUTIONS FOR MEDICAL EQUIPMENT Custom Solution Needs Avient™ Custom Solutions Specialized materials to meet unique application requirements Avient Trilliant™ Healthcare products are a line of customized solutions specific for regulated medical devices; color branding expertise FDA-registered pre-colored resins and masterbatch options; color coding for safety and brand recognition Avient collaborates with key material suppliers to provide FDA-approved pre-colored resins Avient OnColor™ HC Plus offers customizable color masterbatch solutions pre-certified for biocompatibility using ISO 10993 and USP Class VI test protocol Reduced growth of microbes Avient WithStand™ additive technologies inhibit growth of microbes that often cause odor, staining and loss of mechanical properties AVIENT DISTRIBUTION Healthcare Supplier Line Card You face a unique set of challenges when designing parts for the healthcare industry.

RIGID COMPONENTS: DIAGNOSTIC, IMAGING, LIFE SUPPORT, LABORATORY, & MONITORING EQUIPMENT (housings & covers, monitor bezels, body panels, handles, battery enclosures, access panels, wands, coils) Rigid Component Solution Needs: Materials compliant with ISO 10993 & USP Class VI, if required UL approved resins to meet flammability requirements Housings with toughness & good impact resistance Enclosures & components that withstand repeated cleanings High-flow materials for components with complex designs Copolyester, Polyester & PC/Polyester Blends Copolyester Eastman Tritan™ (Copolyester) High chemical resistance to a wide variety of hospital disinfectants; excellent toughness and impact resistance after disinfection; retains color and gloss after sterilization and disinfection; does not contain BPA, BPS or halogens Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT) DuPont™ Crastin® & Rynite® (FR- PBT) 30% glass reinforced; flame retardant; good mold flow and electrical properties; high strength, stiffness, dimensional stability and heat resistance Polycarbonate/ Polyester (PC/PET) & Polycarbonate/ Polybutylene Terephthalate (PC/PBT) Covestro Makroblend® (FR-PC/PET) & (FR-PC/PBT) Strength; toughness; chemical resistance; flame retardant Covestro Makroblend® (Non-FR PC/PBT) Strength; toughness; chemical resistance; limited biocompatibility Trinseo EMERGE™ (FR-PC/PET) Chemical resistance; ignition resistance; limited biocompatibility PA, PVC, PC & PMMA Polyamide (Nylon, PA) Avient Trilliant™ XR Radiation Shielding (PA) Radiation shielding; green alternative for lead replacement; enhanced design freedom vs. lead; available in hard and soft durometers Arkema Rilsan® MED (PA11) & Rilsamid® MED (PA12) Chemical resistance; transparent and opaque; easy processing; creep resistance; temperature resistance; BPA-free; sterilizable by gamma, EtO and steam Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) GEON Performance Solutions Resilience™ HC (PVC) Excellent chemical resistance; good strength and stiffness; very good surface quality; inherently flame resistant; available in all medical colors; excellent solvent bonding to PVC Polycarbonate (PC) Trinseo EMERGE™ (PC) Ignition resistant; transparent and opaque; glass-filled also available PolyMethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Altuglas Plexiglas® Acrylics (PMMA) Clarity; easy processing; chemical resistance; BPA free; ideal for light piping and lenses Styrenics & FR-PC/ABS Blends Styrenics Trinseo MAGNUM™ (ABS) Opaque; custom colors; excellent impact and flow; low residuals; full biocompatibility INEOS Styrolution Terlux® HD (MABS) Good clarity; good heat and overall chemical resistance; good impact strength; good solvent bonding to PVC; outstanding surface quality INEOS Styrolution Lustran® & Novodur® HD (ABS) Opaque appearance; outstanding chemical resistance; high impact strength; excellent balance of properties; ease of processability; bondable FR- Polycarbonate/ ABS (FR-PC/ABS) Covestro Bayblend® (FR-PC/ABS) Flame retardant; good impact resistance; dimensional stability; toughness Trinseo EMERGE™ (FR-PC/ABS) Ignition resistant; limited biocompatibility; high flow; easy processing; glass-filled also available Flexible Component Solution Needs: Comfortable handles & grips Water-tight seals Durable feet or casters Durable keypads Flow control TPE, TPC-ET, TPU, TPV & Flexible PVC Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE) Avient Versaflex™ HC Overmolding Series (TPE) Proven healthcare solutions with hardness ranges 42–65 Shore A; autoclave, radiation and EtO sterilizable; bondable to many substrates; customizable haptics Arkema Pebax® MED (TPE) Sterilizable by gamma and EtO; low energy return; soft touch; chemical resistance; overmolding material Thermoplastic Polyester Elastomers (TPC-ET) DuPont™ Hytrel® (TPC-ET) Wide range of flexibility, stiffness, and processing options; Shore D between 30-82; BPA-free; excellent flex fatigue and toughness; low temperature flexibility; good chemical resistance Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Covestro Texin® (TPU) Biocompatible; soft touch; sterilizable; good chemical resistance; overmold for grips and handles; excellent bonding to polar substrates like PC; 70A to 95A Thermoplastic Vulcanizate (TPV) Avient Versalloy™ (TPV) Proven healthcare solutions with hardness ranges 45–90 Shore A; autoclave, radiation and EtO sterilizable; natural and colorable; smooth texture; bonds to PP Exxon Mobil Santoprene™ (TPV) Durable sealing performance; elastic recovery; excellent chemical resistance; compliance with medical standards Flexible Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) GEON Performance Solutions Geon™ Flexible PVC Engineered exclusively for the healthcare market; transparent and opaque colors; radiopaque grades available; durometer ranges from 55A to 40D; gamma and EtO sterilizable Thermoset Silicone Elastomers Thermoset Silicone Elastomers/ Liquid Silicone Rubber DuPont™ Liveo™ Silicone Elastomers (LSR) Biocompatible; non-irritating and non-sensitization; sterilizable; made without plasticizers, phthalates or latex FLEXIBLE COMPONENTS: DIAGNOSTIC, IMAGING, LIFE SUPPORT, LABORATORY, MONITORING EQUIPMENT (o-rings, gaskets, wheels, soft touch grips/handles, keypads/displays, diaphragms, seals) WIRE & CABLE: DIAGNOSTIC, IMAGING, LIFE SUPPORT, LABORATORY, & MONITORING EQUIPMENT (plug molding, heater cable insulation, flexible jacket, flexible cords, coil cords & cable) Wire and Cable Component Solution Needs: Materials compliant with UL, RoHS, REACH & WEEE, if needed Materials with good chemical, moisture & abrasion resistance Low smoke & non- halogen materials PVC Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) GEON Performance Solutions Geon™ Flexible PVC Inherent flame resistance; halogen-free; excellent chemical resistance; non-yellowing; proven safety record in wire and cable applications; high temperature grades available TPE, TPC-ET, TPU & POE Thermoplastic Polyester (TPE) Arkema Pebax® (TPE) Flexibility; chemical resistance; easy processing; abrasion resistance; low coefficient of friction Thermoplastic Polyester Elastomers (TPC-ET) DuPont™ Hytrel® (TPC-ET) REACH, RoHS and WEEE compliant; wide range of flexibility, stiffness, and processing options; 30D-82D; BPA-free; excellent flex fatigue and toughness; low temperature flexibility; good chemical resistance Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Covestro Texin® (TPU) RoHs, WEEE, and REACH compliant; excellent memory and recoil; abrasion resistance; Texin® Rx Series - medical grade Polyether TPU – 70A to 80D Polyolefin Elastomer (POE) Avient ECCOH™ Non-halogenated flame retardant; high flexibility; environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR); good electrical properties PA Polyamide (Nylon, PA) Arkema Rilsan® (PA) Chemical resistance; easy processing; abrasion resistance; low coefficient of friction; dimensional stability CUSTOM AVIENT SOLUTIONS FOR MEDICAL EQUIPMENT Custom Solution Needs Avient™ Custom Solutions Specialized materials to meet unique application requirements Avient Trilliant™ Healthcare products are a line of customized solutions specific for regulated medical devices; color branding expertise FDA-registered pre-colored resins and masterbatch options; color coding for safety and brand recognition Avient collaborates with key material suppliers to provide FDA-approved pre-colored resins Avient OnColor™ HC Plus offers customizable color masterbatch solutions pre-certified for biocompatibility using ISO 10993 and USP Class VI test protocol Reduced growth of microbes Avient WithStand™ additive technologies inhibit growth of microbes that often cause odor, staining and loss of mechanical properties AVIENT DISTRIBUTION Healthcare Supplier Line Card You face a unique set of challenges when designing parts for the healthcare industry.

Figure 1 Surface energy of various thermoplastic elastomers with rigid thermoplastics Engineering Plastics Polyamide 6,6 ABS Polycarbonate Acrylic Polystyrene Polypropylene Polyethylene Elastomers COPA TPU COPE S-TPE TPV mPE Surface Energy (mN/m) 46 43 40 37 34 31 28 Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the peel test Table I Physical property of TPE-1 Shore A Hardness (10 second delay) 44 Specific Gravity (g/cm3) 0.90 Color Natural 300 % Modulus (PSI) 348 Tensile Strength (PSI) 603 Elongation at Break (%) 598 Tear Strength (lbf/in) 110 Table II Adhesion value of TPE-1 on different substrates Substrate Average Peel Strength (lbf) Failure Type PP 17 Cohesive Copolyester 13 Adhesive PET 13 Adhesive PPE/HIPS 18 Adhesive PMMA 15 Adhesive PS 18 Adhesive PC 17 Adhesive PC/ABS 14 Adhesive HIPS 13 Adhesive ABS 13 Adhesive Table III Properties and peel strength of TPE-2 materials 15.37Nylon 11.16.5POM 227Polyester 22.619PC/ABS 24.5-ABS 20.828PP Peel Strength (PIL) 713721Tensile Elongation (%): 10811010Tensile Strength (psi): 5651Hardness: BA 15.37Nylon 11.16.5POM 227Polyester 22.619PC/ABS 24.5-ABS 20.828PP Peel Strength (PIL) 713721Tensile Elongation (%): 10811010Tensile Strength (psi): 5651Hardness: BA Figure 3 Capillary viscosity of TPE-1 and -2 at 200°C 1.00E+00 1.00E+01 1.00E+02 1.00E+03 1.00E+01 1.00E+02 1.00E+03 1.00E+04 1.00E+05 Shear rate (1/sec) Vi sc os ity (P a* se c) TPE-1 TPE-2A TPE-2B GLS Corporation Abstract Introduction Experimental Material Two classes of “universal overmolding TPEs” have been developed and used in this study.

OMNICOLOR™ MULTIPURPOSE COLORANTS Polyethylene 1% Polypropylene 1% GP Polystyrene 1% HI Polystyrene 1–2% Acrylics (Opaque) 1% PBT Polyester 1% PET Polyester 1% Polyurethane 1–2% Polyamide (Nylon) 1% Acetal 1% SAN 1% ABS 1–3% PVC 1–3% Polycarbonate 1% Thermoplastic 1–3% Alloys & Blends 1–3% EVA 1% Filled Polymers 1–3% RECOMMENDED ADDITION RATES CONCENTRATE SELECTION Omnicolor colorants are generally selected because of their versatility where a wide range of polymers are processed and their availability for sale in small quantities. Transparent acrylic colors PIGMENT COMPATIBILITY The Omnicolor range has been formulated with high quality, heavy metal-free pigments that perform well in a wide range of polymers under most processing conditions.

Figure 1 Surface energy of various thermoplastic elastomers with rigid thermoplastics Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the peel test Engineering Plastics Polyamide 6,6 ABS Polycarbonate Acrylic Polystyrene Polypropylene Polyethylene Elastomers COPA TPU COPE S-TPE TPV mPE Surface Energy (mN/m) 46 43 40 37 34 31 28 5 Table 1.

Solvent Solvents soften surfaces of plastic (plastic must be soluble)—best for amorphous or low crystalline plastics, such as ABS, acrylic, cellulosic, PC, PS, PPO, and vinyls. End of Fill Part Length Dynamic Pressure Hydrostatic Pressure P re ss u re Gate End Part FIGURE 61 - Deflection Equations H F WLMax Deflection: 0.002" (0.05mm) 1 = W • H3 12 _______ bending = F • L3 48 • E • I _______ 4 πtc = h2 1n π2 • a • Tmelt – Tcoolant Teject – Tcoolant tc = D2 1.61n 23.1 • a Tmelt – Tcoolant Teject – Tcoolant a = k p * Cp Qmoldings = mmoldings • Cp • Tme • Cplt – Teject cooling nlines moldings tc cooling Vcoolant line nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant Dmax = 4 • Pcoolant • Vcoolant π • µcoolant • 4000 Dmin = Pcoolant • Lline • V2 coolant 5 10π • ∆Pline 4 πtc = h2 1n π2 • a • Tmelt – Tcoolant Teject – Tcoolant tc = D2 1.61n 23.1 • a Tmelt – Tcoolant Teject – Tcoolant a = k p * Cp Qmoldings = mmoldings • Cp • Tme • Cplt – Teject cooling nlines moldings tc cooling Vcoolant line nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant Dmax = 4 • Pcoolant • Vcoolant π • µcoolant • 4000 Dmin = Pcoolant • Lline • V2 coolant 5 10π • ∆Pline 4 πtc = h2 1n π2 • a • Tmelt – Tcoolant Teject – Tcoolant tc = D2 1.61n 23.1 • a Tmelt – Tcoolant Teject – Tcoolant a = k p * Cp Qmoldings = mmoldings • Cp • Tme • Cplt – Teject cooling nlines moldings tc cooling Vcoolant line nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant Dmax = 4 • Pcoolant • Vcoolant π • µcoolant • 4000 Dmin = Pcoolant • Lline • V2 coolant 5 10π • ∆Pline FIGURE 60 - Pressure vs Part Length FIGURE 61 - Deflection equations FIGURE 62 - For Plate Shaped Parts FIGURE 63 - For Cylindrical Shaped Parts Design Guide 49 • MMoldings = Combined mass of molded parts • Cp = Specific Heat of the material Step 3 – Heat Removal Rate • Nlines = The total number of independent cooling lines there are in the mold • tc = The cooling time required by the part (Determined in step 1) Step 4 – Coolant Volumetric Flow Rate • ΔTMax,Coolant = Change in coolant Temperature During Molding (1°C) • ρCoolant = Density of coolant • CP = Specific heat of coolant Step 5 – Determine Cooling Line Diameter • ρCoolant = Density of coolant • VCoolant = Volumetric flow rate of coolant • μCoolant = Viscosity of coolant • ΔPline = Max pressure drop per line (Usually equals half of the pump capacity) • LLine = Length of the cooling lines COOLING LINE SPACING 4 πtc = h2 1n π2 • a • Tmelt – Tcoolant Teject – Tcoolant tc = D2 1.61n 23.1 • a Tmelt – Tcoolant Teject – Tcoolant a = k p * Cp Qmoldings = mmoldings • Cp • Tme • Cplt – Teject cooling nlines moldings tc cooling Vcoolant line nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant Dmax = 4 • Pcoolant • Vcoolant π • µcoolant • 4000 Dmin = Pcoolant • Lline • V2 coolant 5 10π • ∆Pline 4 πtc = h2 1n π2 • a • Tmelt – Tcoolant Teject – Tcoolant tc = D2 1.61n 23.1 • a Tmelt – Tcoolant Teject – Tcoolant a = k p * Cp Qmoldings = mmoldings • Cp • Tme • Cplt – Teject cooling nlines moldings tc cooling Vcoolant line nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant Dmax = 4 • Pcoolant • Vcoolant π • µcoolant • 4000 Dmin = Pcoolant • Lline • V2 coolant 5 10π • ∆Pline 4 πtc = h2 1n π2 • a • Tmelt – Tcoolant Teject – Tcoolant tc = D2 1.61n 23.1 • a Tmelt – Tcoolant Teject – Tcoolant a = k p * Cp Qmoldings = mmoldings • Cp • Tme • Cplt – Teject cooling nlines moldings tc cooling Vcoolant line nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant Dmax = 4 • Pcoolant • Vcoolant π • µcoolant • 4000 Dmin = Pcoolant • Lline • V2 coolant 5 10π • ∆Pline 4 πtc = h2 1n π2 • a • Tmelt – Tcoolant Teject – Tcoolant tc = D2 1.61n 23.1 • a Tmelt – Tcoolant Teject – Tcoolant a = k p * Cp Qmoldings = mmoldings • Cp • Tme • Cplt – Teject cooling nlines moldings tc cooling Vcoolant line nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant Dmax = 4 • Pcoolant • Vcoolant π • µcoolant • 4000 Dmin = Pcoolant • Lline • V2 coolant 5 10π • ∆Pline 4 πtc = h2 1n π2 • a • Tmelt – Tcoolant Teject – Tcoolant tc = D2 1.61n 23.1 • a Tmelt – Tcoolant Teject – Tcoolant a = k p * Cp Qmoldings = mmoldings • Cp • Tme • Cplt – Teject cooling nlines moldings tc cooling Vcoolant line nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant Dmax = 4 • Pcoolant • Vcoolant π • µcoolant • 4000 Dmin = Pcoolant • Lline • V2 coolant 5 10π • ∆Pline 4 πtc = h2 1n π2 • a • Tmelt – Tcoolant Teject – Tcoolant tc = D2 1.61n 23.1 • a Tmelt – Tcoolant Teject – Tcoolant a = k p * Cp Qmoldings = mmoldings • Cp • Tme • Cplt – Teject cooling nlines moldings tc cooling Vcoolant line nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant Dmax = 4 • Pcoolant • Vcoolant π • µcoolant • 4000 Dmin = Pcoolant • Lline • V2 coolant 5 10π • ∆Pline 2D < H line < 5D H line < W line < 2H line FIGURE 70 - Cooling Line Spacing FIGURE 64 - Heat Transfer Equation FIGURE 65 - Total Cooling for Mold FIGURE 66 - Cooling Required by Each Line FIGURE 68 - Max Diameter Equation FIGURE 69 - Min Diameter Equation FIGURE 67 - Volumetric Flow Rate Equation 50 Gravi-Tech ADHESIVE ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Cyanoacrylate Rapid, one-part process Various viscosities Can be paired with primers for polyolefins Poor strength Low stress crack resistance Low chemical resistance Epoxy High strength Compatible with various substrates Tough Requires mixing Long cure time Limited pot life Exothermic Hot Melt Solvent-free High adhesion Different chemistries for different substrates High temp dispensing Poor high temp performance Poor metal adhesion Light Curing Acrylic Quick curing One component Good environmental resistance Oxygen sensitive Light source required Limited curing configurations Polyurethane High cohesive strength Impact and abrasion resistance Poor high heat performance Requires mixing Silicone Room temp curing Good adhesion Flexible Performs well in high temps Low cohesive strength Limited curing depth Solvent sensitive No-Mix Acrylic Good peel strength Fast cure Adhesion to variety of substrates Strong odor Exothermic Limited cure depth Design Guide 51 Bibliography 1.