https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2024-08/Avient-2023-Sustainability-Report_6.pdf
locale=en
https://www.carbon-minds.com/
https://www.certipedia.com/quality_marks/0000084994?
locale=en
Global Chemical Management
The current and future focus is on continued Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of
Chemicals (REACH) assessments, reclassifications and communication on the safe use and handling of
these substances.
Challenge Accepted.
2023 Sustainability Report
AVIENT.COM
http://www.avient.com
http://www.AVIENT.com
https://responsiblecare.americanchemistry.com/Guiding-Principles/
https://endplasticwaste.org/en
https://unglobalcompact.org/
https://www.newsweek.com/rankings/americas-most-responsible-companies-2024
https://www.barrons.com/lists-rankings/top-sustainable-companies?
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2021-09/avient2020sustainabilityreport-9-2-21.pdf
SUPPLIERS AVIENT CUSTOMERS
M
in
im
izi
ng
En
vironm
ental, Health, Safety, Security &
S
o
cia
l Im
p
a
cts
PRODUCT
STEWARDSHIP
INNOVATE
MANUFACTURE
SELL
USE
REUSE
In many instances, we have gone beyond
basic legal requirements, such as our
achieving Responsible Care® certification and
implementation of the Product Safety Code.
HOME | Contents | Message from the CEO | Who We Are | People | Products | Planet | Performance | Metrics | Index
Sustainability Report | 2020 60
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2021-05/supplier-code-of-conduct-210501.pdf
https://www.ilo.org/global/lang--en/index.htm
https://www.ilo.org/global/lang--en/index.htm
https://www.avient.com/company/policies-and-governance/colormatrix-europe-limited-modern-slavery-and-human-trafficking-statement
https://ecovadis.com/suppliers/
Association of Plastic Recyclers (APR)
APR promotes development of the plastics recycling industry by
providing leadership for long-term industry growth and vitality.
HOME | Contents | Message from the CEO | Who We Are | People | Products | Planet | Performance | Metrics | Index
Sustainability Report | 2020 67Sustainability Report | 2020 67
https://endplasticwaste.org/about/
https://endplasticwaste.org/en/news?
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2023-03/AVNT Mar 2023 Earnings Presentation.pdf
$600 $592
2021 2022
$3.02 $3.04
2021 2022
FULL YEAR 2022 PERFORMANCE
( T O TA L C O M PA N Y P R O F O R M A )
19
Sales Adjusted EBITDA
$3,712 $3,653
2021 2022
- 2%
Adjusted EPS
- 1% + 1%
(in millions) (in millions)
(+ 4% excluding FX) (+ 5% excluding FX) (+ 9% excluding FX)
FULL YEAR 2022 SEGMENT PERFORMANCE
20
CAI
$2,402 $2,355
Sales
($ in millions)
$409 $402
EBITDA
SEM Pro Forma
$1,308 $1,300
Sales
$278 $272
EBITDA
(+ 4% excluding FX)
- 2% - 1%
(+ 5% excluding FX)
- 2%
(+ 4% excluding FX)
- 2%
(+ 2% excluding FX)
PRO FORMA FULL YEAR EPS BRIDGE
21
Pro Forma 2021 Adjusted EPS 3.02$
Foreign Currency (0.23)
Russia Import Sales (0.07)
Outdoor High Performance (0.13)
Color, Additives and Inks 0.18
Specialty Engineered Materials 0.24
Corporate Costs / Other 0.03
Pro Forma 2022 Adjusted EPS 3.04$
FULL YEAR EBITDA BRIDGE
( P R O F O R M A T O TA L C O M PA N Y )
22
$ millions
CAI:
Price / Mix 247
Inflation (176)
SEM:
Price / Mix 121
Inflation (77)
Net Price Benefit 115
Wage and Energy Inflation (47)
Clariant Color Integration Synergies 23
Incentives, Other Employee Costs 43
FX (34)
Full Year 2022 $592
Adjusted
EBITDA
Full Year 2021 $ 600
Demand (99)
Russia Import Sales (9) • Demand primarily impacted
by China lockdowns, 4th
quarter industrywide
destocking and declining
consumer sentiment
• Pricing outpaced inflation of
raw materials, wages and
energy
2 0 2 3 G U I D A N C E
$125
$530
Q1 FY
$0.55
$2.40
Q1 FY
2023 GUIDANCE
24
Sales Adjusted EBITDA
$845
$3,450
Q1 FY
Adjusted EPS
(in millions) (in millions)
CA SH FLOW / BALANCE SHEET
25
• IT investment to further
integrate acquired
businesses and capture
operational efficiencies
• Restructuring actions to
streamline operations and
improve profitability, primarily
in Europe
($ millions) 2023E
Cash Flow from Operating Activities 350$
Less:
Run-Rate CapEx (110)
CapEx for IT System Upgrade (25)
CapEx for Restructuring (15)
Total CapEx (150)
Free Cash Flow 200$
Adjusted EBITDA 530$
Net Debt / Adjusted EBITDA 2.9x
K E Y G R O W T H D R I V E R S
A N D T R A N S F O R M E D
P O R T F O L I O
GROW TH DR IVER S: PROV EN SUCC ESS
27 (1) Pro forma for the acquisition of Avient Protective Materials (APM)
COMPOSITES
$51
$84
$212
$668
2016 2018 2020 2022
Long Term Growth Rate
10%
Organic CAGR
10%
HEALTHCARE
$108 $113
$231
$293
2016 2018 2020 2022
Long Term Growth Rate
8-10%
Organic CAGR
11%
ASIA/EMERGING REGIONS
$265
$358
$726
$830
2016 2018 2020 2022
Long Term Growth Rate
5%
Organic CAGR
12%
$340
$455
$790
2016 2018 2020 2022
$1,175
SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS
Long Term Growth Rate
8-12%
Organic CAGR
11%
(1) (1)(1)
(Sales in $ millions)
#1 Color Formulator
Dyneema® - World’s Strongest
Fiber™
#1 in Composites applications
for outdoor high performance
#1 in Performance Inks
Customized solutions
140+ PhDs on staff
Rapid development of
innovative products
Extensive patent (2,500+)
portfolio
33% Vitality Index
Better-positioned toward stable,
high-growth end markets
Consumer, packaging,
healthcare and defense comprise
nearly 60% of sales
Agnostic to raw materials,
helping all customers achieve their
goals
Broad portfolio of diversified
sustainable solutions
90%+ of our innovation pipeline
invested in sustainable solutions
Long-term growth rate well
above GDP with expectations of
8-12%
L E V E R AG I N G O U R T R A N S F OR M E D PO RT F O L I O
28
Healthcare
8%
Packaging
24%
Consumer
20%
Building &
Construction
10%
Industrial
15%
Transportation
9%
Energy
4% Telecom.
4%
2022 PF
$3.65B
sales
Defense
6%
Leading Positions Sustainable SolutionsDiversified IndustriesSpecialty Formulator
(1) 2022 Pro forma for the acquisition of Avient Protective Materials
(2) 2020 Pro forma for the acquisition of Clariant Color
(1)(2)
(1)
$340M
$455M
$790M
2016 2018 2020PF 2022PF
$1,175M
P E E R C O M PA R I S O N S
AV I E N T I S A S SE T L I G H T
Capex / Revenue
2023E (%)
Avient Specialty
Formulators
Other Specialty /
Chemical Companies
Source: Peer data per Bloomberg as of February 13, 2023
Note: Avient reflects 2023 estimated revenue of $3,450 and estimated run-rate CAPEX of $110M.
30
3
2
3
3
4 4
3
4
5 5 5
6
7 7
A
vi
e
n
t
K
W
R
P
P
G
F
U
L
A
V
Y
R
P
M
F
M
C
H
U
N
H
X
L
C
E
E
C
L
A
S
H
S
C
L
E
M
N
F R E E C A S H F LOW C O N V E R S I O N
Source: Peer data per Bloomberg as of February 13, 2023
Note: Free cash flow conversion calculated as (Adjusted EBITDA – Capex) / Adjusted EBITDA.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2023-02/AVNT Q4 2022 Earnings Presentation.pdf
$600 $592
2021 2022
$3.02 $3.04
2021 2022
FULL YEAR 2022 PERFORMANCE
( T O TA L C O M PA N Y P R O F O R M A )
15
Sales Adjusted EBITDA
$3,712 $3,653
2021 2022
- 2%
Adjusted EPS
- 1% + 1%
(in millions) (in millions)
(+ 4% excluding FX) (+ 5% excluding FX) (+ 9% excluding FX)
FULL YEAR 2022 SEGMENT PERFORMANCE
16
CAI
$2,402 $2,355
Sales
($ in millions)
$409 $402
EBITDA
SEM Pro Forma
$1,308 $1,300
Sales
$278 $272
EBITDA
(+ 4% excluding FX)
- 2% - 1%
(+ 5% excluding FX)
- 2%
(+ 4% excluding FX)
- 2%
(+ 2% excluding FX)
PRO FORMA FULL YEAR EPS BRIDGE
17
Pro Forma 2021 Adjusted EPS 3.02$
Foreign Currency (0.23)
Russia Import Sales (0.07)
Outdoor High Performance (0.13)
Color, Additives and Inks 0.18
Specialty Engineered Materials 0.24
Corporate Costs / Other 0.03
Pro Forma 2022 Adjusted EPS 3.04$
FULL YEAR EBITDA BRIDGE
( P R O F O R M A T O TA L C O M PA N Y )
18
$ millions
CAI:
Price / Mix 247
Inflation (176)
SEM:
Price / Mix 121
Inflation (77)
Net Price Benefit 115
Wage and Energy Inflation (47)
Clariant Color Integration Synergies 23
Incentives, Other Employee Costs 43
FX (34)
Full Year 2022 $592
Adjusted
EBITDA
Full Year 2021 $ 600
Demand (99)
Russia Import Sales (9) • Demand primarily impacted
by China lockdowns, 4th
quarter industrywide
destocking and declining
consumer sentiment
• Pricing outpaced inflation of
raw materials, wages and
energy
2 0 2 3 G U I D A N C E
$125
$530
Q1 FY
$0.55
$2.40
Q1 FY
2023 GUIDANCE
20
Sales Adjusted EBITDA
$845
$3,450
Q1 FY
Adjusted EPS
(in millions) (in millions)
CA SH FLOW / BALANCE SHEET
21
• IT investment to further
integrate acquired
businesses and capture
operational efficiencies
• Restructuring actions to
streamline operations and
improve profitability, primarily
in Europe
($ millions) 2023E
Cash Flow from Operating Activities 350$
Less:
Run-Rate CapEx (110)
CapEx for IT System Upgrade (25)
CapEx for Restructuring (15)
Total CapEx (150)
Free Cash Flow 200$
Adjusted EBITDA 530$
Net Debt / Adjusted EBITDA 2.9x
K E Y G R O W T H D R I V E R S
A N D T R A N S F O R M E D
P O R T F O L I O
GROW TH DR IVER S: PROV EN SUCC ESS
23 (1) Pro forma for the acquisition of Avient Protective Materials (APM)
COMPOSITES
$51
$84
$212
$668
2016 2018 2020 2022
Long Term Growth Rate
10%
Organic CAGR
10%
HEALTHCARE
$108 $113
$231
$293
2016 2018 2020 2022
Long Term Growth Rate
8-10%
Organic CAGR
11%
ASIA/EMERGING REGIONS
$265
$358
$726
$830
2016 2018 2020 2022
Long Term Growth Rate
5%
Organic CAGR
12%
$340
$455
$790
2016 2018 2020 2022
$1,175
SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS
Long Term Growth Rate
8-12%
Organic CAGR
11%
(1) (1)(1)
(Sales in $ millions)
#1 Color Formulator
Dyneema® - World’s Strongest
Fiber™
#1 in Composites applications
for outdoor high performance
#1 in Performance Inks
Customized solutions
140+ PhDs on staff
Rapid development of
innovative products
Extensive patent (2,500+)
portfolio
33% Vitality Index
Better-positioned toward stable,
high-growth end markets
Consumer, packaging,
healthcare and defense comprise
nearly 60% of sales
Agnostic to raw materials,
helping all customers achieve their
goals
Broad portfolio of diversified
sustainable solutions
90%+ of our innovation pipeline
invested in sustainable solutions
Long-term growth rate well
above GDP with expectations of
8-12%
L E V E R AG I N G O U R T R A N S F OR M E D PO RT F O L I O
24
Healthcare
8%
Packaging
24%
Consumer
20%
Building &
Construction
10%
Industrial
15%
Transportation
9%
Energy
4% Telecom.
4%
2022 PF
$3.65B
sales
Defense
6%
Leading Positions Sustainable SolutionsDiversified IndustriesSpecialty Formulator
(1) 2022 Pro forma for the acquisition of Avient Protective Materials
(2) 2020 Pro forma for the acquisition of Clariant Color
(1)(2)
(1)
$340M
$455M
$790M
2016 2018 2020PF 2022PF
$1,175M
P E E R C O M PA R I S O N S
AV I E N T I S A S SE T L I G H T
Capex / Revenue
2023E (%)
Avient Specialty
Formulators
Other Specialty /
Chemical Companies
Source: Peer data per Bloomberg as of February 13, 2023
Note: Avient reflects 2023 estimated revenue of $3,450 and estimated run-rate CAPEX of $110M.
27
3
2
3
3
4 4
3
4
5 5 5
6
7 7
A
vi
e
n
t
K
W
R
P
P
G
F
U
L
A
V
Y
R
P
M
F
M
C
H
U
N
H
X
L
C
E
E
C
L
A
S
H
S
C
L
E
M
N
F R E E C A S H F LOW C O N V E R S I O N
Source: Peer data per Bloomberg as of February 13, 2023
Note: Free cash flow conversion calculated as (Adjusted EBITDA – Capex) / Adjusted EBITDA.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2024-03/Terms and Conditions of Sale in Turkey.pdf
Geç
ödemelere amir mevzuat hükümlerinde imkân
tanınan en yüksek oranda faiz işletilecektir.
Alıcı, talep üzerine makul bir
gizlilik sözleşmesi imzalayacak ve çalışanlarının
en az burada belirtilenler kadar kısıtlayıcı gizlilik
yükümlülüklerine bağlı olmasını sağlayacaktır.
23.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2024-10/Avient_CodeConduct_2024_CZ2.pdf
KODEX CHOVÁNÍ | 4
OBSAH
ÚVOD
NÁŠ KODEX CHOVÁNÍ
RESPEKT VŮČI VŠEM
POCTIVOST NA
PRACOVIŠTI
INTEGRITA PŘI NAŠEM
PODNIKÁNÍ
SPOLEČENSKÁ
ODPOVĚDNOST FIRMY
ZDROJE INFORMACÍ
https://secure.ethicspoint.com/domain/media/en/gui/49178/index.html
Řešení otázek a hlášení nedodržování
předpisů
Náš Kodex chování poskytuje pokyny, jak nakládat s problémy, které se
mohou v práci objevit, a poskytuje pomoc se správným rozhodnutím.
KODEX CHOVÁNÍ | 24
OBSAH
ÚVOD
NÁŠ KODEX CHOVÁNÍ
RESPEKT VŮČI VŠEM
POCTIVOST NA
PRACOVIŠTI
INTEGRITA PŘI NAŠEM
PODNIKÁNÍ
SPOLEČENSKÁ
ODPOVĚDNOST FIRMY
ZDROJE INFORMACÍ
mailto:https://secure.ethicspoint.com/domain/media/en/gui/49178/index.html?
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2022-08/Avient Candidates Data Privacy Notice Final - German.pdf
Beachten Sie bitte, dass alle Änderungen an Ihrem Profil
Auswirkungen auf Ihre aktuelle(n) Bewerbung(en) haben können.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2021-10/avnt-q3-2021-earnings-presentation_0.pdf
Post-consumer recycled content as percentage of total plastic packaging volume, by weight
E NA B L I N G T H E U S E O F R E C YC L E D C O N T EN T
T O P 5 G A P S T H A T W E A R E A D D R E S S I N G
2) DECONTAMINATION1) COLOR MANAGEMENT 3) MAINTAINING MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
4) MONO-MATERIAL
CONSTRUCTION
5) CONSISTENT RECYCLED
MATERIAL QUALITY
9
G U I D I N G B R A N D S T O W H A T I S P O S S I B L E
C A S E S T U DY W I T H B R A N D OW N E R
Recycled ResinVirgin Resin
10
S U S TA I NA B I L I T Y F O R A B ET T E R TO M O R ROW
11
• Revenue from sustainable solutions expected
to grow 18% in 2021 as our innovation efforts
and collaboration with customers continues to
accelerate
• Investments centered around innovation and
global sustainability megatrends
o Enabling a circular economy –
Technologies that allow for increased use of
post-consumer recycled (PCR) material and
improve recyclability of plastics
o Light-weighting – Composites and CAI
applications to reduce weight and material
requirements, which minimize energy and
carbon emissions
o Eco-Conscious – Health and human safety
applications as well as Avient’s alternative
materials to replace lead, PVC, halogens,
BPA and other less eco-friendly options
1111
*Avient Sustainable Solutions definitions aligned with FTC 2012 Guide for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims (“Green Guides”)
**2020 is Pro Forma to include full year of the Clariant Color business
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020PF** 2021E
$405M
$455M
$340M
$550M
$790M
Revenue From Sustainable Solutions* 2016-2021
$930M
Q3 2020 $925 $74
Sustainable Solutions 35 19% 14
Healthcare 51 44% 10
Composites 13 39% 6
Growth in Asia / LATAM 14 11% 3
Other 177 39% 16
Sub-total $1,215 31% $123
Supply Chain Disruption Costs (19)
COVID Response Applications (5) (3)
FX Impact 10 2
Synergies 12
Incentives, Travel, Other Employee Costs (16)
Q3 2021 $1,220 32% $99
Q3 2021 SALES AND OPERATING INCOME
( T O TA L C O M PA N Y )
12
Sales Growth Rate
Adjusted
Operating
Income$ millions
13
Q3 2020 Q3 2021
(1) Financial information is presented on a constant currency basis
(1)
(44% of total revenue)
(56% of total revenue)
Q3 END MARKET SALES PERFORMANCE
+20%
+31%
+40%
+24%
+46%
+40%
+14%
+33%
Energy Telecom Building &
Construction
Transportation Industrial Healthcare Packaging Consumer
Q3 YEAR-OVER-YEAR EBITDA BRIDGE
14
• Demand driven by growth
in sustainable solutions,
healthcare and consumer
applications
• Price increases more than
offsets raw material and
supply chain impacts
• Synergy capture on pace
to achieve $50M in annual
savings in 2021
Q3 2020 $ 111
Demand 29
Adjusted
EBITDA$ millions
CAI:
Price / Mix 51
Inflation (37)
SEM:
Price / Mix 25
Inflation (22)
Distribution:
Price / Mix 108
Inflation (103)
Net Price Benefit 22
Supply Chain Disruption Costs (19)
COVID Response Applications (3)
Synergies 12
Incentives, FX, Other (16)
Q3 2021 $ 136
15
• Price increases have more than
covered raw material and freight
inflation impacts of $300M year-
to-date compared to 2020
• Demand impact driven by
Q3 seasonality for the business
Q2 TO Q3 SEQUENTIAL EBITDA BRIDGE
Q2 2021 $ 159
CAI:
Price / Mix 17
Inflation (8)
SEM:
Price / Mix 6
Inflation (5)
Distribution:
Price / Mix 35
Inflation (35)
Net Price Benefit 10
Supply Chain Disruption Costs (4)
Demand / Seasonality (35)
Other 6
Q3 2021 $ 136
Adjusted
EBITDA$ millions
F U L L Y E A R 2 0 2 1
O U T L O O K
$308
$430
2020PF 2021E
$1.93
$3.00
2020PF 2021E
FULL YEAR GROWTH PROJECTIONS
( T O TA L C O M PA N Y )
17
Sales Adjusted Operating Income
$3,783
$4,750
2020PF 2021E
+ 26%
Adjusted EPS
+ 40% + 55%
(in millions) (in millions)
(1) Financial information is pro forma to include a full year of Clariant Color acquisition
(1)(1)(1)
$1.74
$1.93
$3.00
2019PF 2020PF 2021E
$442
$457
$580
2019PF 2020PF 2021E
FULL YEAR 2019 – 2021 GROWTH
( T O TA L C O M PA N Y )
18
Sales Adjusted EBITDA
$3,981
$3,783
$4,750
2019PF 2020PF 2021E
+ 19%
Adjusted EPS
(1) Financial information is pro forma to include a full year of Clariant Color acquisition
(1) (1)
(in millions) (in millions)
(1)(1)
+ 31% + 72%
(1) (1)
0.1 0.1
0.2
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.9
1.0 1.0
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
40%
99%
YTD 5 - YR 10 - YR
0.16
0.20
0.26
0.34
0.42
0.50
0.58
0.72
0.79 0.81
0.85
0.95
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
2.1x
Q4 NET LEVERAGE
~$1Bn
REPURCHASED
OVER LAST 10 YEARS
~$450MM
PAID OVER LAST 11 YEARS
C R E AT I N G VA LU E F O R SH A R E H O L D E R S
19
Share Performance Dividends Share Repurchases Deleveraging
3.5x
2.1x
2019PF 2021E
Growing Dividend Cumulative Buybacks Net Leverage
$
B
n
$
p
e
r
sh
a
re
Total Shareholder Return
~$4Bn
MARKET CAP INCREASE
OVER LAST 10 YEARS
(1) Share performance includes reinvested dividends and is as of 10.25.2021
(2) Financial information is pro forma to include a full year of Clariant Color acquisition
(1)
(2)
494%
2 0 2 1 AV I E N T I N V E S TO R DAY
20
• Investor Day to be held December 9, 2021 in New York, NY
• The company will be doing a deep dive into its key long-
term growth drivers with a particular focus on sustainable
solutions
Revenue Growth Drivers
Long-Term
Growth Rate
Sustainable Solutions 8–12%
Healthcare 8–10%
Composites / 5G 10%
Growth in Asia / LATAM 5%
Other (GDP growth) 2–3%
Avient 6.5%
• Senior leadership team will also provide further details on
the Clariant Color integration, as well as capital allocation
priorities
PEER COMPARISONS
21
As a specialty formulator, we don’t
require significant capital
investment, as compared to the
base resin raw material suppliers
we purchase from.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2022-07/Avient 2021 Sustainability Report 7-26-22.pdf
We enable a lower carbon footprint through:
• Reduced carbon footprint technologies
• Improved recyclability
• Increased recycle content
• Bio-derived solutions
*Source: https://www.nature.org/en-us/get-involved/how-to-help/carbon-footprint-calculator/
Advancing a Circular Economy
As the world continues to shift from operating in a linear economy to a circular
economy*, Avient is proud to be a part of the solution.
M
in
im
izi
ng
En
vironm
ental, Health, Safety, Secu
rity &
S
o
cia
l Im
p
a
cts
PRODUCT
STEWARDSHIP
INNOVATE
MANUFACTURE
SELL
USE
REUSE
In many instances, we have gone beyond basic legal requirements,
such as our achieving Responsible Care® certification and
implementation of the Product Safety Code.
Strategic Partnerships and Alliances
Our Environmental Partners
HOME | Contents | Message from the CEO | Who We Are | People | Products | Planet | Performance | Metrics | IndexHOME | Contents | Message from the CEO | Who We Are | People | Products | Planet | Performance | Metrics | Index
Sustainability Report | 2021 61
https://endplasticwaste.org/about/
https://endplasticwaste.org/en/news?
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2021-11/avient-design-ergonomic-design-guide.pdf
PART MODEL (GEOMETRY AND MESH)
MATERIAL MODEL
Steel hammer shaft Polymer hammer shaft Wood hammer shaft
Figure 19: Material data Inputs
* http://www .scielo .org .mx/pdf/remcf/v9n48/2007-1132-remcf-9-48-181-en .pdf
** https://www .westsystem .com/products/compare-epoxy-physical-properties/
http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/remcf/v9n48/2007-1132-remcf-9-48-181-en.pdf
https://www.westsystem.com/products/compare-epoxy-physical-properties/
Ergonomic Grip Design Guide 19
After setting up the part and material models,
the team determined applicable physics for the
study .