Injection Molding Parameters These recommendations are regarded as a general starting point. Hot Melt Hot melt adhesives are 100% solids, and are used for light duty applications. This rotating is what helps melt and mix the material making it a homogeneous melt.

DOCUMENT NUMBER_ SSS-001 CATEGORY DETAIL EC Number 215-609-9 CAS Number 1333-86-4 Name Subclass 1 Carbon Black Structural Formula CHEMICAL IDENTITY H | C||||HH H DOCUMENT NUMBER_ SSS-001 HEALTH EFFECTS HUMAN HEALTH SAFETY ASSESSMENT Consumer Overall, as a result of the detailed epidemiological investigations, no causative link between Carbon Black exposure and cancer risk in humans has been demonstrated. Toxicity for Reproduction PROPERTY DETAIL Physical State Solid Form Powder/ Beads Color Black Odor Odorless Melting Point 3550°C Boiling Point 500–600°C Partition Coefficient: N-octanol/Water Not Applicable Bulk Density 1.7-1.8 g/cm3 (20°C) Water Solubility Insoluble Self-ignition Temperature >284°F Flammability >45 s Explosiveness 50 g/m3 PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES DOCUMENT NUMBER_ SSS-001 EXPOSURE HUMAN HEALTH SAFETY ASSESSMENT Human Health Carbon Black, when generally used as noted above is bound into a matrix. PBT/vPvB Conclusion This substance does not fulfill the criterial for PBT or vPvB.

PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES DOCUMENT NUMBER_ SSS-002 CATEGORY DETAIL EC Number 236-675-5 CAS Number 13463-67-7 Name Subclass 1 Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Structural Formula O======Ti====== O PROPERTY DETAIL Physical State Solid Form Crystalline Color White Odor Odorless Melting Point 1560–1843°C Boiling Point 3,000°C Bulk Density 3.9 g/mL at 25°C Water Solubility Immiscible DOCUMENT NUMBER_ SSS-002 HEALTH EFFECTS HUMAN HEALTH SAFETY ASSESSMENT Consumer Based on available data, TiO2 is not a hazardous substance. PBT/vPvB Conclusion This substance does not fulfill the criterial for PBT or vPvB.

The product portfolio covers an extensive selection of quality Masterbatches, either in PET, PBT, or PA, specially formulated to meet various demands. Product characteristics • Good spinnability • Full dispersion • Excellent tinting strength • Maximum fastness properties • Lot-to-lot consistency • Carriers: PET, PBT, PA 6, PP Applications • Continuous filaments (POY, FDY, HOY, BCF) • Long and short spinning staple fiber Special Products Our portfolio includes color formulations for high-tenacity yarn applications. It works by injecting liquid color at high pressure into the polyester melt-flow between the end of the extruder, or melt-pipe, and the spin head.

225CPFXAB EPIC PANTONE(R) 225 C HO SIM 186CLBFF EPIC PANTONE(R) 186 C HO SIM 225CLBFF EPIC PANTONE(R) 225 C HO SIM

Product characteristics • Good spinnability • Full dispersion • Excellent tinting strength • Maximum fastness properties • Lot-to-lot consistency • Carriers: PET, PBT, PA 6, PP Applications • Continuous filaments (POY, FDY, HOY, BCF) • Long and short spinning staple fiber Renol™ & Remafin™ Fiber Colorants Single Pigment Dispersions & Custom Colors Special Products Our portfolio includes color formulations for high-tenacity yarn applications. Product range • Flame retardants to reduce flammability of fibers and fabrics especially in building and construction applications • Light stabilizers to protect fibers used outdoors or exposed to sunlight against UV light • Antimicrobials to protect hygienic fiber products from bacteria proliferation • Antistatics to reduce electrostatic charges • Antioxidants to reduce polymer oxidation during spinning and protect fabrics during service life • Optical brighteners to provide a brilliant white effect and blueish hue • Electrets to retain electrostatic charge on the polymer surface for a longer period of time in filtration applications • Hydrophobics to impart durable water repellency • Chain extenders for recycled polyester fibers • Others on request Product characteristics • Good spinnability • Fiber-specific QC and protocols • Lot-to-lot consistency • Carriers: PET, PBT, PA 6, PP, and others • Possibility to combine colors and additives into a combination concentrate for convenience • Product guidance from our fiber expert team • Focus on safe and sustainable formulations Applications • Continuous filaments (POY, FDY, HOY, BCF) • Long and short spinning staple fiber • Nonwoven processes (spunbond and meltblown) Cesa™ Fiber Additives MagIQ™ Liquid Fiber Colorants & Additives Multiple color production • Depending on the manufacturing set-up, several injection points can be added to enable multiple color production at the same time on a single extruder Batch size flexibility • Fiber producers can manufacture anything from a few kilograms to hundreds of tons using the same simple process Rapid color changes • No extruder contamination and easy color-on, color-off operation increases color change speed Waste reduction • Rapid color changes, precise metering and the ability to adjust color in-line reduces waste during color changeovers Continuous metering & long spin pack life • High pigment and dye concentrations mean fewer pack changes are required • Where color is running low for larger volume runs, low level metering sensors alert operators and packs can be changed without disrupting production In-line IV adjustment • Specialist additives are available to adjust Intrinsic Viscosity (IV) in-line for rPET applications • These additives are available as single products, or can be combined with color to create a multi- functional formulation Color design service • Avient offers a dedicated color design service to help shorten product development cycles and enhance market agility Liquid color processing • Formulations are stable at temperatures up to 60°C and retain good flow properties at temperatures as low as 10°C • These formulations can help lower yarn friction and abrasion, and there is no fuming or evaporation during production Avient’s liquid fiber colorant technology combines advanced liquid color formulations with state-of-the-art, high-pressure metering equipment to enable late-stage injection of liquid color for spun-dyed polymer melt. It works by injecting liquid color at high pressure into the polymer melt- flow between the end of the extruder, or melt-pipe, and the spin head.

Melt Point ( ̊C) Decomposition Temp ( ̊C)

BASE RESIN PPA PC PSU PES PPS CO- POLYMER ACETAL PEEK PA Barrel Temperatures* °F (°C) Rear Zone 550–580 (288–305) 520–560 (271–293) 600–640 (316–338) 630–660 (332–338) 550–580 (288–304) 350–370 (177–188) 660–700 (349–371) 440–490 (227–254) Center Zone 560–600 (293–316) 530–570 (277–299) 620–670 (327–354) 650–680 (343–360) 560–615 (293–324) 380–390 (193–200) 700–730 (371–388) 470–510 (243–266) Front Zone 580–620 (304–327) 550–580 (288–305) 630–680 (332–360) 670–730 (354–388) 590–630 (310–332) 390–430 (200–221) 720–750 (382–400) 490–540 (254–282) Nozzle 575–615 (302–324) 550–600 (288–316) 630–680 (332–360) 680–700 (360–371) 600–625 (316–330) 380–415 (193–213) 720–750 (382–400) 520–570 (271–300) Melt Temperature 575–615 (302–324) 560–600 (293–316) 625–675 (330–358) 650–710 (343–377) 600–625 (316–330) 370–410 (188–210) 670–740 (354–393) 520–570 (271–300) Mold Temperature 250–300 (121–150) 175–240 (80–116) 190–300 (88–150) 225–325 (107–164) 250–325 (121–164) 150–225 (66–107) 290–375 (143–190) 150–200 (66–93) Pack & Hold Pressure 50%–75% of Injection Pressure Injection Velocity in/s 1.0–3.0 Back Pressure psi 50 Screw Speed rpm 50–90 Drying Parameters °F (°C) 6 hrs @ 175 (80) 4 hrs @ 250 (121) 4 hrs @ 275 (135) 4 hrs @ 300 (150) 4 hrs @ 250 (121) 2 hrs @ 200 (93) 3 hrs @ 300 (150) 4 hrs @ 180 (82) Allowable Moisture % < 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.04 < 0.02 0.15–0.20 < 0.02 0.10–0.20 Cushion in 0.125–0.250 Screw Compression Ratio 2.5:1–3.5:1 2.0:1–2.5:1 2.5:1–3.5:1 2.5:1–3.5:1 2.5:1–3.5:1 2.5:1–3.5:1 2.5:1–3.5:1 2.5:1–3.5:1 Nozzle Type General Purpose General Purpose General Purpose General Purpose General Purpose General Purpose General Purpose Reverse Taper Clamp Pressure 5–6 Tons/in2 of projected area of cavities and runner system * Barrel temperatures should be elevated for compounds designed for electrical insulative properties. PROBLEM CAUSE SOLUTION Incomplete Fill Melt and/or mold temperature too cold Mold design Shot Size • Increase nozzle and barrel temperatures • Increase mold temperature • Increase injection speed • Increase pack and hold pressure • Increase nozzle tip diameter • Check thermocouples and heater bands • Enlarge or widen vents and increase number of vents • Check that vents are unplugged • Check that gates are unplugged • Enlarge gates and/or runners • Perform short shots to determine fill pattern and verify proper vent location • Increase wall thickness to move gas trap to parting line • Increase shot size • Increase cushion Brittleness Melt temperature too low Degraded/Overheated material Gate location and/or size • Increase melt temperature • Increase injection speed • Measure melt temperature with pyrometer • Decrease melt temperature • Decrease back pressure • Use smaller barrel/excessive residence time • Relocate gate to nonstress area • Increase gate size to allow higher flow speed and lower molded-in stress Fibers on Surface (Splay) Melt temperature too low Insufficient packing • Increase melt temperature • Increase mold temperature • Increase injection speed • Increase pack and hold pressure, and time • Increase shot size • Increase gate size Sink Marks Part geometry too thick Melt temperature too hot Insufficient material volume • Reduce wall thickness • Reduce rib thickness • Decrease nozzle and barrel temperatures • Decrease mold temperature • Increase shot size • Increase injection rate • Increase packing pressure • Increase gate size Flash Injection pressure too high Excess material volume Melt and/or mold temperature too hot • Decrease injection pressure • Increase clamp pressure • Decrease injection speed • Increase transfer position • Decrease pack pressure • Decrease shot size • Decrease injection speed • Decrease nozzle and barrel temperatures • Decrease mold temperature • Decrease screw speed TROUBLESHOOTING RECOMMENDATIONS PROBLEM CAUSE SOLUTION Excessive Shrink Too much orientation • Increase packing time and pressure • Increase hold pressure • Decrease melt temperature • Decrease mold temperature • Decrease injection speed • Decrease screw rpm • Increase venting • Increase cooling time Not Enough Shrink Too little orientation • Decrease packing pressure and time • Decrease hold pressure • Increase melt temperature • Increase mold temperature • Increase injection speed • Increase screw rpm • Decrease cooling time Burning Melt and/or mold temperature too hot Mold design Moisture • Decrease nozzle and barrel temperatures • Decrease mold temperature • Decrease injection speed • Clean, widen and increase number of vents • Increase gate size or number of gates • Verify material is dried at proper conditions Nozzle Drool Nozzle temperature too hot • Decrease nozzle temperature • Decrease back pressure • Increase screw decompression • Verify material has been dried at proper conditions Weld Lines Melt front temperatures too low Mold design • Increase pack and hold pressure • Increase melt temperature • Increase vent width and locations • Increase injection speed • Increase mold temperature • Decrease injection speed • Increase gate size • Perform short shots to determine fill pattern and verify proper vent location • Add vents and/or false ejector pin • Move gate location Warp Excessive orientation Mold design • Increase cooling time • Increase melt temperature • Decrease injection pressure and injection speed • Increase number of gates Sticking in Mold Cavities are overpacked Mold design Part is too hot • Decrease injection speed and pressure • Decrease pack and hold pressure • Decrease nozzle and barrel temperatures • Decrease mold temperature • Increase cooling time • Increase draft angle • Decrease nozzle and barrel temperatures • Decrease mold temperature • Increase cooling time TROUBLESHOOTING RECOMMENDATIONS Note: These are general processing conditions.

C 225 BLACK LATEX COLOR MB1432 FLESH HOT MELT

The Q&A below offers insight into some of the points to consider when printing or marking applications manufactured from fluoropolymers. The use of the same matrix material creates a uniformly melted top layer. RG-404/U) are defined in U.S. military specification MIL-C-17E.