This adhesive is not very chemically resistant, and has lower strength properties. 14 Gravi-Tech CHAPTER 4 | MOLD DESIGN GUIDELINES COLD RUNNER LAYOUTS Herringbone (Fishbone) Runner This type of runner has an unbalanced fill, which can be artificially balanced by adjusting runner sizes. Design Guide 33 Mold damages Loss of clamp force Barrel malfunction Melt temperature Injection speed Transfer position Excessive pack Excessive back Repair mold damage Clean parting line Reduce pinch-off land Increase clamp force Dry material Reduce melt Reduce mold Reduce hold pressure Increase transfer Flash • Excess material commonly found at parting lines or mold features Root cause: Too much plastic or mold damage. 34 Gravi-Tech Design of gate too small or in wrong location Machine not providing Heater overriding Viscosity too low Injection velocity too high Melt temperature Remove sharp corners from Change gate type Move gate to a position where the melt stream will impinge upon a mold feature Dry material Reduce injection Increase melt Jetting Root cause: Injection speed is too high for the viscosity of the material Design Guide 35 Finish too rough Screw configuration Overworking material Non-compatible additive Melt temperature too high Remove sharp corners from Use smaller screw/barrel Check melt uniformity Check L/D ratio Check additive compatibility Reduce melt Reduce screw speed Reduce residence time Plate-Out • Build-up or deposit on mold surface Root cause: One component of the material is not totally compatible. 36 Gravi-Tech Shut-off partially turned Screw problems Barrel heater problems Material too dry Under-packing Not enough pack Melt temperature Transfer position Make sure gate is not blocked Insure runner shut-off is not turned Check venting Change gating location Add flow leader Insure cushion position Make sure screw is transfer- ring at a correct Change screw/barrel Make sure material was dried at proper settings Increase melt Increase mold Decrease transfer Short Shot • Not enough material is being injected into the mold to fill out all of the cavities Root cause: Not enough plastic is getting into the cavity. End of Fill Part Length Dynamic Pressure Hydrostatic Pressure P ss Gate End Part FIGURE 61 - Deflection Equations H F WLMax Deflection: 0.002" (0.05mm) 1 = W • H3 12 _______ bending = F • L3 48 • E • I _______ k Vcoolant nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant Dmin = k Vcoolant nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant Dmin = k Vcoolant nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant Dmin = FIGURE 60 - Pressure vs Part Length FIGURE 61 - Deflection equations FIGURE 62 - For Plate Shaped Parts FIGURE 63 - For Cylindrical Shaped Parts Design Guide 49 • MMoldings = Combined mass of molded parts • Cp = Specific Heat of the material Step 3 – Heat Removal Rate • Nlines = The total number of independent cooling lines there are in the mold • tc = The cooling time required by the part (Determined in step 1) Step 4 – Coolant Volumetric Flow Rate • ΔTMax,Coolant = Change in coolant Temperature During Molding (1°C) • ρCoolant = Density of coolant • CP = Specific heat of coolant Step 5 – Determine Cooling Line Diameter • ρCoolant = Density of coolant • VCoolant = Volumetric flow rate of coolant • μCoolant = Viscosity of coolant • ΔPline = Max pressure drop per line (Usually equals half of the pump capacity) • LLine = Length of the cooling lines COOLING LINE SPACING k Vcoolant nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant Dmin = k Vcoolant nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant Dmin = k Vcoolant nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant Dmin = k Vcoolant nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant Dmin = k Vcoolant nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant Dmin = k Vcoolant nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant Dmin = 2D < H < 5D H < W < 2H FIGURE 70 - Cooling Line Spacing FIGURE 64 - Heat Transfer Equation FIGURE 65 - Total Cooling for Mold FIGURE 66 - Cooling Required by Each Line FIGURE 68 - Max Diameter Equation FIGURE 69 - Min Diameter Equation FIGURE 67 - Volumetric Flow Rate Equation 50 Gravi-Tech ADHESIVE ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Cyanoacrylate Rapid, one-part process Various viscosities Can be paired with primers for polyolefins Poor strength Low stress crack resistance Low chemical resistance Epoxy High strength Compatible with various substrates Tough Requires mixing Long cure time Limited pot life Exothermic Hot Melt Solvent-free High adhesion Different chemistries for different substrates High temp dispensing Poor high temp performance Poor metal adhesion Light Curing Acrylic Quick curing One component Good environmental resistance Oxygen sensitive Light source required Limited curing configurations Polyurethane High cohesive strength Impact and abrasion resistance Poor high heat performance Requires mixing Silicone Room temp curing Good adhesion Flexible Performs well in high temps Low cohesive strength Limited curing depth Solvent sensitive No-Mix Acrylic Good peel strength Fast cure Adhesion to variety of substrates Strong odor Exothermic Limited cure depth Design Guide 51 Bibliography 1.

Broadly, the HCS covers how chemical manufacturers must determine and communicate the hazards of their products. European countries must also start using the new overall format for chemical mixtures (most of PolyOne’s products and solutions are considered mixtures). Additionally, GHS changes the basic way in which the hazards of a chemical or mixture of chemicals are determined by comparison against specific criteria and providing a prescribed approach to determine hazard classifications and levels of severity.

EUROPEAN CABLE MANUFACTURER J A C K E T F O R T H I N F T T H C A B L E S • FTTH jacket material for cables installed in premises where no duct and little space is available • Superior crush resistance for small diameter cables • UV and chemical resistance including solvents, oil, acid and bases • Utilized formulation expertise to provide a solution with the desired combination of performance characteristics • Provided superior UV and chemical resistance, increasing cable lifetime • Reduced attenuation loss due to better crush resistance • Enabled the required flexibility and reduced cable weight ECCOH™ 5970 Formulation KEY REQUIREMENTS WHY AVIENT? AVIENT SOLUTION CHEMICAL + UV RESISTANCE LEARN MORE Copyright © 2022, Avient Corporation.

CABLE MANUFACTURER H I G H F L A M E R E T A R D A N T S H E A T H F O R R I S E R C A B L E S • Fire performance: CPR classification Dca s1 a1 d0 at a thickness of 350µm • Low shrinkage • Water, UV and chemical resistance • Low CoF • Reduced cable weight by decreasing the jacket thickness from 550µm to 350µm • Provided required CPR classification at a reduced thickness allowing installation in homes and buildings in between walls and floors • Increased cable lifetime due to improved chemical and UV resistance • Enabled fast cable processing ECCOH™ 5702 SEPAP Formulation KEY REQUIREMENTS WHY AVIENT? AVIENT SOLUTION LIGHTHWEIGHT + UV/CHEMICAL RESISTANCE LEARN MORE Copyright © 2022, Avient Corporation.

CABLE MANUFACTURER F L A M E - R E T A R D A N T S H E A T H F O R R I S E R C A B L E S • Fire performance: CPR classification Dca s1 a1 d0 at a thickness of 350µm • Low shrinkage • Water, UV, and chemical resistance • Low coefficient of friction (CoF) • Reduced overall cable weight cable by reducing the jacket thickness from 550µm to 350µm • Increased the lifetime value of the cable by providing superior chemical and UV resistance • Provided low CoF on the inner layer, making the solution suitable for use with micro ducts as it’s easier to blow cables inside ECCOH LSFOH 5702 SEPAP Formulation KEY REQUIREMENTS WHY AVIENT? AVIENT SOLUTION UV + CHEMICAL RESISTANCE LEARN MORE © 2024 Avient Corporation, All Rights Reserved https://www.avient.com/products/engineered-polymer-formulations/sustainable-formulations/eccoh-low-smoke-and-fume-non-halogen-formulations Cable Manufacturer

MEDICAL CONTRACT MANUFACTURER A U T O - I N J E C T O R H O U S I N G • Excellent chemical and wear resistance • Excellent impact resistance • Specific color matching based on customer’s needs • Outstanding durability to extend product life • Customized a chemically resistant formulation to offer an impact-modified alternative to traditional competitors in the market • Provided technical support for material selection, part & tool design, and process development to accelerate commercialization • Delivered custom color matching to meet all key requirements Custom Trilliant™ HC Healthcare Thermoplastic KEY REQUIREMENTS WHY AVIENT? https://www.avient.com/products/engineered-polymer-formulations/chemical-corrosion-resistant-formulations/trilliant-hc-healthcare-thermoplastics

He has more than 35 years of experience in the Chemicals industry. Hanna Company and Dainippon Ink & Chemicals INC., Japan. He holds a bachelor’s of science in Chemical Engineering from the National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan.

He has more than 35 years of experience in the Chemicals industry. Hanna Company and Dainippon Ink & Chemicals INC., Japan. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering from the National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan.

HOW ALTERNATIVE POLYMERS COMPARE TO PA 6,6 PA 6 | POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS: Automotive, Industrial, Consumer & Sporting Goods Wider processing temperature range Better surface quality Better weathering resistance Shorter conditioning time—nearly half that of PA 6,6 Lower temperature resistance Slightly lower chemical resistance Higher water absorption Lower stiffness/wear resistance PK | POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS: Automotive, Consumer & Sporting Goods, Industrial, Electrical & Electronics Lower CO2 emissions in production Better hydrolysis and chemical resistance Comparable dimensional stability Inherently lubricious for reduced wear and friction Easier to mold Cost competitive Lower short- and long-term thermal performance Harder to color More limited process window PBT/PET | POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS: Electrical & Electronics Lower water absorption Slightly higher rigidity/stiffness (for PBT) Better abrasion resistance Slightly better electric resistance Lower toughness properties Higher density Lower short- and long-term temperature resistance Lower hydrolysis resistance PP | POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS: Automotive, Consumer Goods, Lightweighting Applications Lower water absorption Slightly better chemical resistance Lower density Cost effective Fiber reinforced PP can achieve similar or better mechanical properties to PA 6,6 GF30 Reduced rigidity/stiffness Much lower abrasion resistance Lower electric resistance Reduced short- and long-term temperature resistance PC/PBT & PC/PET BLENDS | POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS: Automotive Interiors, Consumer Goods, Household Appliances Higher impact strength Good scratch resistance Good wear resistance Lower mechanical properties Higher brittleness Narrow processing temperature range PA 6,6/PET BLENDS | POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS: Automotive, Industrial, Appliance, Electrical & Electronics, Applications Where Low Water Absorption is Required Reduced water absorption—up to 40% Slightly higher mechanical properties in the conditioned state Slightly lower temperature resistance Slightly lower chemical resistance Narrow processing temperature range PA/PP BLENDS | POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS: Automotive Interiors, Electronics, Consumer & Sporting Goods Good adhesion to polyolefin-based TPEs Low permeability of water Good processability Lower density Lower temperature resistance Lower mechanical properties POST-INDUSTRIAL RECYCLED SOLUTIONS (PA 6,6/PA 6/PP) | POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS: Automotive Accessories, Industrial, Consumer & Sporting Goods Between 50-80% recycled content Good processability Cost effective Reduced chemical resistance Wider range of mechanical specifications Potential for slightly lower mechanical properties 1.844.4AVIENT www.avient.com Copyright © 2024, Avient Corporation.

These grades combine excellent chemical resistance and dimensional stability with improved wear resistance and low coefficient of friction (COF) properties. KEY CHARACTERISTICS • Inherently low COF • Excellent wear resistance • Excellent chemical resistance • Low moisture uptake • Excellent dimensional stability • Cost-effective • Eco-conscious alternative to PA66, PA6 and POM MARKETS & APPLICATIONS These materials are ideal for use in applications requiring lubricated solutions, as the formulations have improved wear, chemical, and hydrolysis resistance over nylons (PA6 or PA66). LubriOne PKE formulations also offer improved chemical resistance and thermal performance, plus reduced flammability, over POM