https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2020-10/2020-gravi-tech-design-guide-.pdf
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
The primary features and benefits
of Gravi-Tech formulations are:
• Customized density, offering a wide range of
specific gravities from 1.5 to 11 gm/cm3
• Broad modulus range, from very flexible to
very rigid grades
• Corrosion resistance, withstanding oxidation
for long-term use and benefit
• Chemical resistance, withstanding fuels, oils
and other harsh chemicals
Additional features include:
• Design flexibility and processing ease
• Good impact strength
• Elevated heat deflection temperature
6 Gravi-Tech Design Guide 7
CHAPTER 2 | PROCESS SETTINGS
Density Modified Formulations
Gravi-Tech™ polymer-metal composites are high-density materials developed as thermoplastic-based
alternatives to lead and other traditional metals .
End of Fill
Part Length
Dynamic Pressure
Hydrostatic Pressure
P
re
s
s
u
re
Gate End
Part
FIGURE 61 - Deflection Equations
H
F
WLMax Deflection:
0.002" (0.05mm)
1 =
W • H3
12
_______
bending =
F • L3
48 • E • I
_______
4
π
tc =
h2
1n
π2 • a
•
Tmelt – Tcoolant
Teject – Tcoolant
tc =
D2
1.61n
23.1 • a
Tmelt – Tcoolant
Teject – Tcoolant
a =
k
p * Cp
Qmoldings = mmoldings • Cp • Tme • Cplt – Teject
cooling
nlines
moldings
tccooling
Vcoolant
line
nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant
Dmax =
4 • Pcoolant • Vcoolant
π • µcoolant • 4000
Dmin =
Pcoolant • Lline • V2coolant5
10π • ∆Pline
4
π
tc =
h2
1n
π2 • a
•
Tmelt – Tcoolant
Teject – Tcoolant
tc =
D2
1.61n
23.1 • a
Tmelt – Tcoolant
Teject – Tcoolant
a =
k
p * Cp
Qmoldings = mmoldings • Cp • Tme • Cplt – Teject
cooling
nlines
moldings
tccooling
Vcoolant
line
nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant
Dmax =
4 • Pcoolant • Vcoolant
π • µcoolant • 4000
Dmin =
Pcoolant • Lline • V2coolant5
10π • ∆Pline
4
π
tc =
h2
1n
π2 • a
•
Tmelt – Tcoolant
Teject – Tcoolant
tc =
D2
1.61n
23.1 • a
Tmelt – Tcoolant
Teject – Tcoolant
a =
k
p * Cp
Qmoldings = mmoldings • Cp • Tme • Cplt – Teject
cooling
nlines
moldings
tccooling
Vcoolant
line
nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant
Dmax =
4 • Pcoolant • Vcoolant
π • µcoolant • 4000
Dmin =
Pcoolant • Lline • V2coolant5
10π • ∆Pline
FIGURE 60 - Pressure vs Part Length
FIGURE 61 - Deflection equations
FIGURE 62 - For Plate Shaped Parts
FIGURE 63 - For Cylindrical Shaped Parts
Design Guide 49
• M
Moldings
= Combined mass of molded parts
• C
p
= Specific Heat of the material
Step 3 – Heat Removal Rate
• N
lines
= The total number of independent cooling
lines there are in the mold
• t
c
= The cooling time required by the part
(Determined in step 1)
Step 4 – Coolant Volumetric Flow Rate
• ΔT
Max,Coolant
= Change in coolant
Temperature During Molding (1°C)
• ρ
Coolant
= Density of coolant
• CP = Specific heat of coolant
Step 5 – Determine Cooling Line Diameter
• ρ
Coolant
= Density of coolant
• V
Coolant
= Volumetric flow rate of coolant
• μ
Coolant
= Viscosity of coolant
• ΔP
line
= Max pressure drop per line
(Usually equals half of the pump capacity)
• L
Line
= Length of the cooling lines
COOLING LINE SPACING
4
π
tc =
h2
1n
π2 • a
•
Tmelt – Tcoolant
Teject – Tcoolant
tc =
D2
1.61n
23.1 • a
Tmelt – Tcoolant
Teject – Tcoolant
a =
k
p * Cp
Qmoldings = mmoldings • Cp • Tme • Cplt – Teject
cooling
nlines
moldings
tccooling
Vcoolant
line
nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant
Dmax =
4 • Pcoolant • Vcoolant
π • µcoolant • 4000
Dmin =
Pcoolant • Lline • V2coolant5
10π • ∆Pline
4
π
tc =
h2
1n
π2 • a
•
Tmelt – Tcoolant
Teject – Tcoolant
tc =
D2
1.61n
23.1 • a
Tmelt – Tcoolant
Teject – Tcoolant
a =
k
p * Cp
Qmoldings = mmoldings • Cp • Tme • Cplt – Teject
cooling
nlines
moldings
tccooling
Vcoolant
line
nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant
Dmax =
4 • Pcoolant • Vcoolant
π • µcoolant • 4000
Dmin =
Pcoolant • Lline • V2coolant5
10π • ∆Pline
4
π
tc =
h2
1n
π2 • a
•
Tmelt – Tcoolant
Teject – Tcoolant
tc =
D2
1.61n
23.1 • a
Tmelt – Tcoolant
Teject – Tcoolant
a =
k
p * Cp
Qmoldings = mmoldings • Cp • Tme • Cplt – Teject
cooling
nlines
moldings
tccooling
Vcoolant
line
nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant
Dmax =
4 • Pcoolant • Vcoolant
π • µcoolant • 4000
Dmin =
Pcoolant • Lline • V2coolant5
10π • ∆Pline
4
π
tc =
h2
1n
π2 • a
•
Tmelt – Tcoolant
Teject – Tcoolant
tc =
D2
1.61n
23.1 • a
Tmelt – Tcoolant
Teject – Tcoolant
a =
k
p * Cp
Qmoldings = mmoldings • Cp • Tme • Cplt – Teject
cooling
nlines
moldings
tccooling
Vcoolant
line
nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant
Dmax =
4 • Pcoolant • Vcoolant
π • µcoolant • 4000
Dmin =
Pcoolant • Lline • V2coolant5
10π • ∆Pline
4
π
tc =
h2
1n
π2 • a
•
Tmelt – Tcoolant
Teject – Tcoolant
tc =
D2
1.61n
23.1 • a
Tmelt – Tcoolant
Teject – Tcoolant
a =
k
p * Cp
Qmoldings = mmoldings • Cp • Tme • Cplt – Teject
cooling
nlines
moldings
tccooling
Vcoolant
line
nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant
Dmax =
4 • Pcoolant • Vcoolant
π • µcoolant • 4000
Dmin =
Pcoolant • Lline • V2coolant5
10π • ∆Pline
4
π
tc =
h2
1n
π2 • a
•
Tmelt – Tcoolant
Teject – Tcoolant
tc =
D2
1.61n
23.1 • a
Tmelt – Tcoolant
Teject – Tcoolant
a =
k
p * Cp
Qmoldings = mmoldings • Cp • Tme • Cplt – Teject
cooling
nlines
moldings
tccooling
Vcoolant
line
nmax, coolant • Pcoolant • Cp, coolant
Dmax =
4 • Pcoolant • Vcoolant
π • µcoolant • 4000
Dmin =
Pcoolant • Lline • V2coolant5
10π • ∆Pline
2D < H
line
< 5D
H
line
< W
line
< 2H
line
FIGURE 70 - Cooling Line Spacing
FIGURE 64 - Heat Transfer Equation
FIGURE 65 - Total Cooling for Mold
FIGURE 66 - Cooling Required by Each Line
FIGURE 68 - Max Diameter Equation
FIGURE 69 - Min Diameter Equation
FIGURE 67 - Volumetric Flow Rate Equation
50 Gravi-Tech
ADHESIVE ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Cyanoacrylate
Rapid, one-part process
Various viscosities
Can be paired with primers
for polyolefins
Poor strength
Low stress crack resistance
Low chemical resistance
Epoxy
High strength
Compatible with various
substrates
Tough
Requires mixing
Long cure time
Limited pot life
Exothermic
Hot Melt
Solvent-free
High adhesion
Different chemistries for
different substrates
High temp dispensing
Poor high temp performance
Poor metal adhesion
Light Curing Acrylic
Quick curing
One component
Good environmental resistance
Oxygen sensitive
Light source required
Limited curing configurations
Polyurethane
High cohesive strength
Impact and abrasion resistance
Poor high heat
performance
Requires mixing
Silicone
Room temp curing
Good adhesion
Flexible
Performs well in high temps
Low cohesive strength
Limited curing depth
Solvent sensitive
No-Mix Acrylic
Good peel strength
Fast cure
Adhesion to variety
of substrates
Strong odor
Exothermic
Limited cure depth
Design Guide 51
Bibliography
1 .
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2020-09/stat-tech-tri-fold-processing-guide.pdf
Other key processing parameters are slow injection speeds
and low back pressures.
** Avoid processing for a resin-rich surface.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/ColorMatrix Amosorb Solo Technical Bulletin.pdf
Key: A = 4% Amosorb SolO2-2 + Fortis Amber-1 @ 0.09%; B = 50% Regrind A + 50%
Virgin PET; C = 50% Regrind A + 50% Virgin PET + Fortis Amber @ 0.045%
REGRIND COMBINATION STUDY - METHODOLOGY
1.844.4AVIENT
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Copyright © 2022, Avient Corporation.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2021-12/avient-sarl-hungary-branch-register-extract-2021-12-07.pdf
doku=Cegirat&key=2018/0821/C_r13081700006600001.es3&reqtip=arajanlat&FromSystem=IMOnline&
mailto:laszlo.mednyanszky@polyone.com
Effective: 2018/08/21 ...
59.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2024-07/Ballistic Resistant Composite Panels Product Selection _ Install Guide.pdf
Ballistic Resistant
Composite Panels
PRODUCT SELECTION & INSTALLATION GUIDE
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
Military grade protection
Ballistic resistant composite panels from Avient
are constructed to provide military-grade
protection from armed attackers for any facility.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2024-09/Compensation Committee Charter July 2024.pdf
Review and approve equity-based grants and awards, including long-term incentive plan
awards, to officers, senior managers, key employees, and other employees of the
Company and its subsidiaries under the Company’s equity-based plans
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2023-08/Maxxam BIO Bio-Based Polyolefin Formulations Product Bulletin.pdf
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
Formulated with bio-based resin and/or
10–50% filler from renewable plant sources,
Maxxam BIO formulations:
• Reduce product carbon footprint
• Achieve equivalent performance to standard
polyolefin formulations
• Provide good stiffness, durability, impact
resistance and UV stability
• Deliver good surface finish and are easy to color
• Enable customized performance characteristics
depending on application need
• Offer food contact compliance
MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS
Maxxam BIO formulations are suitable for use across
many industries and applications where traditional
polyolefin materials are used, including:
• Transportation Interior Applications -
Decorative profiles, trunk side liners, pillars,
T-cup
• Industrial - Structural parts, furniture
• Consumer - Household goods, personal care
items, packaging, office supplies, food contact
applications
• Electrical and Electronic – Housings, buttons,
junction boxes
SUSTAINABILITY BENEFITS
• Formulated with bio-based resin and/or
10–50% natural filler
• Utilize natural filler from renewable plant
sources including olive seed based powder
and cellulose fiber
• Offer a lower product carbon footprint
compared to traditional petroleum-based
feedstock
• Can be recycled at end of life
PRODUCT BULLETIN
CHARACTERISTICS UNITS
Maxxam BIO
MX5200-5036
Natural FD
Maxxam BIO
MX5200-5030
Natural FD
Maxxam BIO
MX5200-5030
Natural FD X1
Maxxam BIO
MX5200-5001
RS HS Natural
Maxxam BIO
MX5200-5033
RS HS Natural
Maxxam BIO
MX5200-5034
RS HS Natural
Maxxam BIO
MX5200-5035
RS HS Natural
Filler/Reinforcement Unfilled Unfilled Unfilled
30%
Glass Fiber
10%
Mineral
20%
Mineral
30%
Mineral
Density
(ISO 1183)
g/cm 0.90 0.90 0.90 1.12 0.96 1.03 1.12
Tensile Modulus
(ISO 527-1) @ 23°C
MPa 1500 1000 1000 6400 1350 1650 2100
Tensile Stress
(ISO 527-2) @ 23°C
MPa 27.0 20.0 20.0 75.0 13.0 14.0 15.0
Tensile Strain
at Break
(ISO 527-2) @ 23°C
% 5 50 50 3.0 50 37 18
Charpy Notched
(ISO 179)
kJ/m 5 20 25 10 12 10 10
CHARACTERISTICS UNITS
Maxxam BIO
MX5200-5023
RS HS HI
Natural 70
Maxxam BIO
MX5200-5025
RS HS
Natural 70
Maxxam BIO
MX5200-5004
RS HS
Natural 70
Maxxam BIO
MX5200-5003
RS
Natural 70
Maxxam BIO
MX5200-5009
RS HS Natural
70
Maxxam BIO
MX5200-5024
RS HS
Natural 70
Maxxam BIO
MX5200-5022
RS HS
Natural 70
Filler/Reinforcement
15%
Olive Seed
Based
25%
Olive Seed
Based
30%
Olive Seed
Based/
10%
Mineral
35%
Olive Seed
Based/
5%
Mineral
15%
Olive Seed
Based/
17%
Glass Fiber/
Mineral
20%
Olive Seed
Based/
20% Glass/
Mineral
10%
Olive Seed
Based/
20%
Mineral
Density
(ISO 1183)
g/ccm 1.00 1.15 1.10 1.07 1.09 1.25 1.10
Tensile Modulus
(ISO 527-1) @ 23°C
MPa 1750 2000 2700 2500 3800 3500 4100
Tensile Stress
at Break
(ISO 527-2) @ 23°C
MPa 21.0 20.0 30.0 20.0 40.0 35.0 42.0
Tensile Strain
at Break
(ISO 527-2) @ 23°C
% 24 5 3 5 3 4 2
Notched Izod
(ISO 180)
kJ/m 15 7 3 2 5 15 7
MAXXAM BIO POLYOLEFINS – BIO-BASED RESIN – TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE
MAXXAM BIO POLYOLEFINS – OLIVE SEED BASED FILLER – TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE
CHARACTERISTICS UNITS
Maxxam BIO
MX5200-5029 NF HI
UV Black X1
Maxxam BIO
MX5200-5032 NFS
UV Natural
Maxxam BIO
MX5200-5020 NF/NFS
UV Natural X1
Maxxam BIO
MX5200-5016 NF
Natural
Filler/Reinforcement 10% Cellulose Fiber 20% Cellulose Fiber 30% Cellulose Fiber 40% Cellulose Fiber
Density
(ISO 1183)
g/ccm 0.95 1.00 1.02 1.07
Tensile Modulus
ISO 527-1) @ 23°C
MPa 1550 1750 2640 3600
Tensile Stress at Break
(ISO 527-2) @ 23°C
MPa 33 30 48 55
Tensile Strain at Break
(ISO 527-2) @ 23°C
% 8 12 9 4
Charpy Notched Impact
Strength (ISO 179/1eA)
kJ/m2 5 6 5 5
Charpy Unnotched Impact
Strength (ISO 179/1eU)
kJ/m2 33 49 38 30
MAXXAM BIO POLYOLEFINS – CELLULOSE FIBER FILLER – TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE
Copyright © 2023, Avient Corporation.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2023-08/EVSE Platform Brochure.pdf
Streamlined product
development services
through Avient Design
• Color inspiration and
technical guidance from
ColorWorks™ Design &
Technology Centers
• Risk mitigation through
invaluable regulatory
compliance support
• Accelerated
commercialization with
UL testing and part
validation, and UL-
recognized colorants
FOCUS AREA APPLICATIONS KEY REQUIREMENTS TECHNOLOGIES
Visual
Aesthetics
• Cabinets and enclosures
• User interfaces and
touchpoints
• Interactive touch screens
• Lighting
• Canopies
• Side panels and base plates
• Cables
• Handles and grips
• Closeouts
• Informed color choices and
customization options
• Visual appeal for brand
integrity
• High- and low- gloss
finishes
• Consistent physical
performance and
dimensional stability
• Special effect colorants
• Smartbatch Combination
Colorants & Additives
• Custom and pre-colored
formulations
• ColorWorks Design &
Technology Centers
Outdoor
Durability
& Longevity
• Cabinets and enclosures
• Canopies
• Side panels and base plates
• Ventilation panels
• Closeouts
• Cable retractors
• Interactive touch screens
• Outdoor weathering
• Extreme (hot/cold)
temperature resistance
• Flexibility and ductility
• Impact resistance
• Chemical resistance
• UL-recognized materials
• Flame retardant
formulations
• Impact modifiers
• Surface energy modifiers
• EMI/RFI shielding solutions
• Thermal and electrical
management technology
Health &
Hygiene
• Cabinets and enclosures
• User interfaces and
touchpoints
• Cables
• Sockets
• Handles and grips
• Plugs and adaptors
• Filters
• Kiosks
• Microbial and fungal
efficacy
• Safe to touch
• Visual clarity
• Surface energy modifiers
• Antimicrobial and anti-
fungal solutions
Sustainability
• Structural panels
• Connectors and electrical
components
• Thermal modules
• Cabinets and enclosures
• Handles and grips
• Lighting
• Canopies
• Side panels and base plates
• Receptacles
• Reduced part weight or
materials consumed
• Recyclability
• VOC reduction
• PCR incorporation
• Lower carbon footprint
• Chemical foaming agents
• Molded-in color (MIC)
metallics
• Laser marking technologies
• Eco-conscious raw materials
• Bio-derived technologies
• Post-consumer recycled
(PCR) content
• Lower carbon footprint
solutions
1.844.4AVIENT
www.avient.com
Copyright © 2023, Avient Corporation.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2020-09/stan-tone-hcc-product-bulletin-1.pdf
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
• Indoor or outdoor lightfastness
• Heat stability
• Non-phthalate pigments available
• Additional options available using
custom plasticizers
APPLICATIONS
Stan-Tone HCC dispersions are suitable for
use in a variety of applications, including:
• Coated fabric
• Vinyl sealants
• Adhesives
• Wall coverings
• Toys
• Sporting goods
• Footwear
• Silk screen
Stan-Tone
Code
Pigment
Type
Approx. %
Pigment
Specific
Gravity
Color
Index
Heat
Stability Lightfastness
WHITE
HCC-12144
Titanium Dioxide,
Anatase
61 1.89 PW-6 1 I/O C
HCC-12145
Titanium Dioxide,
Rutile
70 2.09 PW-6 1 I/O
YELLOW
HCC-12148 (a) Diarylide AAOT GS 35 1.09 PY-14 3 I
HCC-12516 (a) Diarylide AAMX RS 30 1.07 PY-13 3 I
HCC-12149 (a) Diarylide HR RS 22 1.04 PY-83 2 I/O (Mass)
HCC-12194 Iron Oxide 70 2.08 PY-42 2 C I/O
HCC-12503 Benzimidazolone GS 30 1.09 PY-151 2 I/O (Mass)
HCC-5253 (b) Isoindolinone RS 30 1.12 PY-110 1 I/O
ORANGE
HCC-17394 Benzimidazolone RS 20 1.05 PO-36 2 I/O
HCC-17747 Azo YS 30 1.11 PO-64 2 I/O
HCC-33428 Dianisidine RS 29 1.06 PO-16 3 I/O (Mass)
RED
HCC-12156 (a) Red 2B, Ca Salt BS 30 1.12 PR-48:2 2 I/O (Mass)
HCC-12160 (a) Red 2B, Ca Salt YS 33 1.12 PR-48:1 2 I/O (Mass)
HCC-12158 (a) Pyrazolone YS 25 1.05 PR-38 2 C I/O (Mass)
HCC-12159 Pigment Scarlet BS 38 1.21 PR-60:1 2 I/O (Mass)
HCC-12196 Iron Oxide, Dark VBS 65 2.09 PR-101 1 I/O
HCC-12197 Iron Oxide, Light BS 70 2.24 PR-101 1 I/O
HCC-18653 Iron Oxide, Light VYS 70 2.23 PR-101 1 I/O
HCC-11796 (a)
Specialty Naphthol
BS
32 1.06 PR-170 2 I/O (Mass) C
HCC-12742 (a)
Specialty Naphthol
YS
30 1.07 PR-170 2 I/O (Mass) C
HCC-2160 (b) Quinacridone BS 26 1.08 PV-19 2 I/O
HCC-12309 Quinacridone YS 25 1.07 PV-19 2 I/O
HCC-7707 Perylene Scarlet YS 25 1.04 PR-149 2 I/O
HCC-15738
Diketo-Pyrrolo-
Pyrrol YS
30 1.1 PR-254 1 I/O
BLUE
HCC-12164 Phthalocyanine GS 27 1.08 PB-15:3 1 I/O
HCC-12166 Phthalocyanine RS 18 1.05 PB-15 1 I/O
HCC-12168
Phthalocyanine
RS-NC
32 1.11 PB-15:1 1 I/O
HCC-12929 (c) Ultramarine 53 1.4 PB-29 1 I/O
Stan-Tone
Code
Pigment
Type
Approx. %
Pigment
Approx. %
Solids
Color
Index
pH
Typical Lightfastness
GREEN
HCC-12172 Phthalocyanine BS 17 1.07 PG-7 1 I/O
HCC-12173
Phthalo Brominated
VYS
25 1.16 PG-36 1 I/O
HCC-10562 Phthalocyanine YS 30 1.15 PG-7 1 I/O
HCC-12176 Chromium Oxide 80 2.8 PG-17 1 I/O
VIOLET/MAGENTA
HCC-17680 (c) Ultramarine Violet 50 1.46 PV-15 1 I/O
HCC-2170 (b) Quinacridone Violet 30 1.09 PV-19 2 I/O
HCC-14562
Quinacridone
Magenta
25 1.06 PR-122 2 I/O
HCC-26775 Benzimidazolone 20 1.03 PV-32 2 I/O
HCC-33159 (a) Carbazole Violet 12 1.03 PV-23 2 I/O
BROWN/TAN
HCC-1286 (b) Iron Oxide, Tan HR 60 1.85 PBr-11 1 I/O
HCC-12201 Iron Oxide, Light 71 2.21 PBr-6 2 C I/O
HCC-12202 Iron Oxide, Dark 67.5 2.06 PBr-6 2 C I/O
BLACK
HCC-12203 Furnace-High Jet 18 1.06 PBk-7 1 I/O
HCC-12204 Furnace-High Jet 6 1 PBk-7 1 I/O
HCC-12205 Furnace-Low Jet 34 1.15 PBk-7 1 I/O
HCC-12206 Furnace-Medium Jet 20 1.07 PBk-7 1 I/O
HCC-18654
Furnace-Ultra High
Jet
15 1.04 PBk-7 1 I/O
HCC-14674 Iron Oxide 59 1.82 PBk-11 2 C I/O
ALUMINUM
HCC-12177 Aluminum 50 1.43 PM-1 2 I/O
HCC
RS = Red Shade
YS = Yellow Shade
VYS = Very Yellow Shade
BS = Blue Shade
VBS = Very Blue Shade
GS = Green Shade
NC = Non-Crystallizing
HR = Heat-Resistant
(a) = Potential Bleed / Migration
(b) = ESO plasticizer (Epoxidized Soybean Oil)
(c) = Pigment may fade in acidic environment
LIGHTFASTNESS
I = Indoor Only
I/O = Indoor or Outdoor
Mass = Outdoor Masstone Application Only
C = Some Caution Advised
HEAT STABILITY
1 = Above 400°F
2 = 350°F–400°F
3 = Below 350°F
C = Some Caution Advised
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Copyright © 2020, Avient Corporation.
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2022-08/ColorMatrix Excelite Product Bulletin.pdf
Consistency of surface both chemically and physically leads to more even wetting
of the ink which ensures good dot definition—the key to higher quality digital print images.