https://www.avient.com/knowledge-base/article/enhancing-circularity-pet-challenges-and-solutions
May 13, 2025
https://www.avient.com/knowledge-base/article/e-battery-systems-electric-vehicles
Read More
Mar 24, 2025
https://www.avient.com/knowledge-base/article/how-create-impactful-plastic-aesthetics-new-products
ColorForward™ 2025 was issued in December 2023, providing ample time for brand owners and designers to create, develop, and introduce their products.
https://www.avient.com/knowledge-base/article/navigating-beyond-pfas
Mar 03, 2025
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2020-10/luxury-closures-gravi-tech-design-guide-2.0-application-specific.pdf
Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Four Main Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Obtain Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Strategy Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Defects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Angel Hair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Delamination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Dimension – Small . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Dimension – Large . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Distortion / Deformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Flash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Jetting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Plate-Out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Short Shot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Sink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Splay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Surface Finish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Gate Vestige. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Voids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Warpage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Weld Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
The Injection Unit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Non-Return Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Nozzle Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Important Advice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
The Clamping Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Mold Design Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Determining Cooling Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Cooling Line Spacing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4 Gravi-Tech
HOW GRAVI-TECH MAKES THE DIFFERENCE FOR PACKAGING
CLOSURES IN THE LUXURY COSMETICS AND SPIRITS MARKETS
FOR BRAND OWNERS
Create a weighted closure for a luxury brand
product – Gravi-Tech is a high density, injection
moldable material which can be as lightweight as
plastic or up to four times as heavy as aluminum.
FIGURE 48 - The Injection Unit
Nozzle
Non-Return Valve Heater Bands Barrel
Screw
Hopper
Metering
Compression
Feed
FIGURE 47 - Non-Return Valve: Check Ring
Check Ring Open
Check Ring Closed
FIGURE 49 - The Injection Unit
FIGURE 50 - Non-return Valve: Check Ring
Design Guide 45
FIGURE 48 - Non-Return Valve: Ball Check
Ball Check Open
Ball Check Closed
Poppet Valve
The final type of non-return valve is called a
poppet valve.
End of Fill
Part Length
Dynamic Pressure
Hydrostatic Pressure
P
ss
Gate End Part
FIGURE 61 - Deflection Equations
H
F
WLMax Deflection:
0.002" (0.05mm)
1 = W • H3
12
_______
bending = F • L3
48 • E • I
_______
k
Vcoolant
nmax, coolant
• Pcoolant • Cp, coolant
Dmin =
k
Vcoolant
nmax, coolant
• Pcoolant • Cp, coolant
Dmin =
k
Vcoolant
nmax, coolant
• Pcoolant • Cp, coolant
Dmin =
FIGURE 60 - Pressure vs Part Length
FIGURE 61 - Deflection equations
FIGURE 62 - For Plate Shaped Parts
FIGURE 63 - For Cylindrical Shaped Parts
Design Guide 49
• MMoldings = Combined mass of molded parts
• Cp = Specific Heat of the material
Step 3 – Heat Removal Rate
• Nlines = The total number of independent
cooling lines there are in the mold
• tc = The cooling time required by the part
(Determined in step 1)
Step 4 – Coolant Volumetric Flow Rate
• ΔTMax,Coolant = Change in coolant
Temperature During Molding (1°C)
• ρCoolant = Density of coolant
• CP = Specific heat of coolant
Step 5 – Determine Cooling Line Diameter
• ρCoolant = Density of coolant
• VCoolant = Volumetric flow rate of coolant
• μCoolant = Viscosity of coolant
• ΔPline = Max pressure drop per line
(Usually equals half of the pump capacity)
• LLine = Length of the cooling lines
COOLING LINE SPACING
k
Vcoolant
nmax, coolant
• Pcoolant • Cp, coolant
Dmin =
k
Vcoolant
nmax, coolant
• Pcoolant • Cp, coolant
Dmin =
k
Vcoolant
nmax, coolant
• Pcoolant • Cp, coolant
Dmin =
k
Vcoolant
nmax, coolant
• Pcoolant • Cp, coolant
Dmin =
k
Vcoolant
nmax, coolant
• Pcoolant • Cp, coolant
Dmin =
k
Vcoolant
nmax, coolant
• Pcoolant • Cp, coolant
Dmin =
2D < H
< 5D
H
< W
< 2H
FIGURE 70 - Cooling Line Spacing
FIGURE 64 - Heat Transfer Equation
FIGURE 65 - Total Cooling for Mold
FIGURE 66 - Cooling Required by Each Line
FIGURE 68 - Max Diameter Equation
FIGURE 69 - Min Diameter Equation
FIGURE 67 - Volumetric Flow Rate Equation
50 Gravi-Tech
ADHESIVE ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Cyanoacrylate
Rapid, one-part process
Various viscosities
Can be paired with primers
for polyolefins
Poor strength
Low stress crack resistance
Low chemical resistance
Epoxy
High strength
Compatible with various
substrates
Tough
Requires mixing
Long cure time
Limited pot life
Exothermic
Hot Melt
Solvent-free
High adhesion
Different chemistries for
different substrates
High temp dispensing
Poor high temp performance
Poor metal adhesion
Light Curing Acrylic
Quick curing
One component
Good environmental resistance
Oxygen sensitive
Light source required
Limited curing configurations
Polyurethane
High cohesive strength
Impact and abrasion resistance
Poor high heat
performance
Requires mixing
Silicone
Room temp curing
Good adhesion
Flexible
Performs well in high temps
Low cohesive strength
Limited curing depth
Solvent sensitive
No-Mix Acrylic
Good peel strength
Fast cure
Adhesion to variety
of substrates
Strong odor
Exothermic
Limited cure depth
Design Guide 51
Bibliography
1.
https://www.avient.com/news/polyone-announces-first-quarter-2015-results
Jul 10, 2025
Jul 07, 2025
May 14, 2025
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2020-03/PolyOne_Website-12.19.pdf
Sources
Cash from Balance Sheet $465
New Senior Unsecured Notes 650
New Equity 450
Total Sources $1,565
Uses
Clariant Masterbatch $1,500
Clariant India Masterbatch 60
Less: Lease Adjustment (113)
Net Purchase Price $1,447
Net Cash Acquired 57
Fees, Expenses & OID 61
Total Uses $1,565
($ Millions)
Cash and Cash Equivalents $370
$450M Senior Secured ABL Revolver -
Senior Secured Term Loan B due 2026 624
Other Debt 25
Total Senior Secured Debt $649
5.25% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2023 $600
New Senior Unsecured Notes 650
Total Senior Debt $1,899
Net Debt $1,529
New Equity $450
Pro Forma Capitalization (1)
PF 12/31/2019
$450
$600 $624
$743
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
A T T R A C T I V E F I N A N C I N G S T R U C T U R E
Attractive Debt
Maturity Profile
Existing Revolver Existing Senior Notes Existing Term Loan B
New Debt
Summary
Terms on
New Debt
$465 million of cash from the balance sheet expected to fund a portion of the purchase price
Bridge financing for remainder fully committed from Citi, Morgan Stanley and Wells Fargo
Permanent financing expected to include a combination of long-term debt and new equity
The timing of the permanent financing is subject to a number of factors, including, but not limited
to, market conditions
PolyOne is committed to preserving a strong balance sheet
– Target net leverage at close below 3.5x, excluding synergies
Pro forma capital structure positions PolyOne with flexibility to pursue continued growth strategy
New financing expected to have same or better covenant package than existing capital structure
Capital structure would be “covenant lite”
Capital
Policy
Transaction in line with PolyOne’s disciplined capital allocation policy
Existing PolyOne dividend policy to be maintained
Focus on deleveraging in the near term
2028+
PolyOne Corporation 26
PolyOne Corporation 27
T H E N E W P O L Y O N E : A S P E C I A L T Y G R O W T H C O M P A N Y
Landmark portfolio transformation: > 85% of Adjusted EBITDA
from specialty solutions
World-class innovation, technology and service are differentiators
Sustainability initiatives and alignment with megatrends drive
above market growth in key end markets and applications:
Capital management is a strength - proven track record of
expanding ROIC while increasing invested capital
Transaction expected to add $0.85 to pro forma adjusted EPS
PolyOne Corporation 28
PolyOne Corporation 29
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2024-11/AVNT M11 Investor Presentation_w_Non-GAAP.pdf
&
Canada
64%
Specialty
Engineered
Materials
Color
Additives
and Inks
41%
23%
19%
10% 5% 4%
Building &
Energy Telecom
Geography
Segment
Industry
2024 Financial Guidance
$525 to $530 million
Adjusted EBITDA
$2.63 to $2.67
Adjusted EPS
4
Industry Sustainability Standards
ESG Ratings Performance
1
4
87th
94th
percentile
Avient CDP Score:
A-
SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE
AND RECOGNITION
O CTO BE R 3 1 , 2024
W EB CAS T
P RE SE N TATI O N
6
Q3 2024 HIGHLIGHTS
• 8.5% organic sales growth driven by broad-based
growth across all regions and most end markets in both
CAI and SEM segments
• Growth stemmed from gaining share, winning new
product specifications and restocking in certain end
markets
• Both segments expanded YoY EBITDA margins by 40
bps each
• Adjusted EPS of $0.65, an increase of 14% vs the
prior year
• Successfully refinanced $650M outstanding senior
notes due 2025; extending maturity to 2031
• Increased dividend 5% to $1.08 on an annualized
basis; 14th consecutive increase
Adj.
https://www.avient.com/sitemap
Avient To Hold First Quarter 2025 Conference Call
First Quarter 2025 Results
Avient Announces First Quarter 2025 Results
https://www.avient.com/sites/default/files/2023-03/2023 Avient Bookmarked Proxy Statement - FINAL.pdf
PROXY STATEMENT 2023 | Annual Meeting of Shareholders 49
Audit Committee—Primary Responsibilities and Requirements
Meets with appropriate financial and legal personnel and independent
auditors to review our corporate accounting, internal controls, financial
reporting and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements
MEETINGS IN 2022: 7
Exercises oversight of our independent auditors, internal auditors and
financial management
Appoints the independent auditors to serve as auditors in examining our
corporate accounts
R.E.
4) Based on 91,071,925 common shares outstanding as of March 1, 2023.
58 PROXY STATEMENT 2023 | Annual Meeting of Shareholders
—
—
The following table shows information relating to all persons who, as of March 1, 2023, were known by us
to beneficially own more than five percent of our outstanding common shares based on information
provided in Schedule 13Gs and 13Ds filed with the SEC:
Name and Address Number of
Common Shares % of Class(4)
BlackRock, Inc.
55 East 52nd Street
New York, New York 10055(1)
11,190,454 12.29%
The Vanguard Group
100 Vanguard Boulevard
Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355(2)
10,130,890 11.12%
Marquard & Bahls AG
Koreastrasse 7
Hamburg, Germany 20457(3)
4,564,633 5.01%
(1) Based on information contained in a Schedule 13G/A filed by BlackRock, Inc. with the SEC on January 26, 2023.
The payment date will
be a date in 2025 determined by the Compensation Committee (or its authorized delegate), which will
occur no later than March 15, 2025.